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Stem cell-derived exosomes: roles in stromal remodeling, tumor progression, and cancer immunotherapy

Stem cells are known to maintain stemness at least in part through secreted factors that promote stem-like phenotypes in resident cells. Accumulating evidence has clarified that stem cells release nano-vesicles, known as exosomes, which may serve as mediators of cell-to-cell communication and may po...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Fatima, Farah, Nawaz, Muhammad
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4593342/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26369565
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40880-015-0051-5
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author Fatima, Farah
Nawaz, Muhammad
author_facet Fatima, Farah
Nawaz, Muhammad
author_sort Fatima, Farah
collection PubMed
description Stem cells are known to maintain stemness at least in part through secreted factors that promote stem-like phenotypes in resident cells. Accumulating evidence has clarified that stem cells release nano-vesicles, known as exosomes, which may serve as mediators of cell-to-cell communication and may potentially transmit stem cell phenotypes to recipient cells, facilitating stem cell maintenance, differentiation, self-renewal, and repair. It has become apparent that stem cell-derived exosomes mediate interactions among stromal elements, promote genetic instability in recipient cells, and induce malignant transformation. This review will therefore discuss the potential of stem cell-derived exosomes in the context of stromal remodeling and their ability to generate cancer-initiating cells in a tumor niche by inducing morphologic and functional differentiation of fibroblasts into tumor-initiating fibroblasts. In addition, the immunosuppressive potential of stem cell-derived exosomes in cancer immunotherapy and their prospective applications in cell-free therapies in future translational medicine is discussed.
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spelling pubmed-45933422015-10-06 Stem cell-derived exosomes: roles in stromal remodeling, tumor progression, and cancer immunotherapy Fatima, Farah Nawaz, Muhammad Chin J Cancer Review Stem cells are known to maintain stemness at least in part through secreted factors that promote stem-like phenotypes in resident cells. Accumulating evidence has clarified that stem cells release nano-vesicles, known as exosomes, which may serve as mediators of cell-to-cell communication and may potentially transmit stem cell phenotypes to recipient cells, facilitating stem cell maintenance, differentiation, self-renewal, and repair. It has become apparent that stem cell-derived exosomes mediate interactions among stromal elements, promote genetic instability in recipient cells, and induce malignant transformation. This review will therefore discuss the potential of stem cell-derived exosomes in the context of stromal remodeling and their ability to generate cancer-initiating cells in a tumor niche by inducing morphologic and functional differentiation of fibroblasts into tumor-initiating fibroblasts. In addition, the immunosuppressive potential of stem cell-derived exosomes in cancer immunotherapy and their prospective applications in cell-free therapies in future translational medicine is discussed. BioMed Central 2015-09-14 /pmc/articles/PMC4593342/ /pubmed/26369565 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40880-015-0051-5 Text en © Fatima and Nawaz. 2015 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Review
Fatima, Farah
Nawaz, Muhammad
Stem cell-derived exosomes: roles in stromal remodeling, tumor progression, and cancer immunotherapy
title Stem cell-derived exosomes: roles in stromal remodeling, tumor progression, and cancer immunotherapy
title_full Stem cell-derived exosomes: roles in stromal remodeling, tumor progression, and cancer immunotherapy
title_fullStr Stem cell-derived exosomes: roles in stromal remodeling, tumor progression, and cancer immunotherapy
title_full_unstemmed Stem cell-derived exosomes: roles in stromal remodeling, tumor progression, and cancer immunotherapy
title_short Stem cell-derived exosomes: roles in stromal remodeling, tumor progression, and cancer immunotherapy
title_sort stem cell-derived exosomes: roles in stromal remodeling, tumor progression, and cancer immunotherapy
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4593342/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26369565
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40880-015-0051-5
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