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Alcoholic Liver Disease: Role of Cytokines

The present review spans a broad spectrum of topics dealing with alcoholic liver disease (ALD), including clinical and translational research. It focuses on the role of the immune system and the signaling pathways of cytokines in the pathogenesis of ALD. An additional factor that contributes to the...

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Autores principales: Neuman, Manuela G., Maor, Yaakov, Nanau, Radu M., Melzer, Ehud, Mell, Haim, Opris, Mihai, Cohen, Lawrence, Malnick, Stephen
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4598786/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26343741
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom5032023
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author Neuman, Manuela G.
Maor, Yaakov
Nanau, Radu M.
Melzer, Ehud
Mell, Haim
Opris, Mihai
Cohen, Lawrence
Malnick, Stephen
author_facet Neuman, Manuela G.
Maor, Yaakov
Nanau, Radu M.
Melzer, Ehud
Mell, Haim
Opris, Mihai
Cohen, Lawrence
Malnick, Stephen
author_sort Neuman, Manuela G.
collection PubMed
description The present review spans a broad spectrum of topics dealing with alcoholic liver disease (ALD), including clinical and translational research. It focuses on the role of the immune system and the signaling pathways of cytokines in the pathogenesis of ALD. An additional factor that contributes to the pathogenesis of ALD is lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which plays a central role in the induction of steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in the liver. LPS derived from the intestinal microbiota enters the portal circulation, and is recognized by macrophages (Kupffer cells) and hepatocytes. In individuals with ALD, excessive levels of LPS in the liver affect immune, parenchymal, and non-immune cells, which in turn release various inflammatory cytokines and recruit neutrophils and other inflammatory cells. In this review, we elucidate the mechanisms by which alcohol contributes to the activation of Kupffer cells and the inflammatory cascade. The role of the stellate cells in fibrogenesis is also discussed.
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spelling pubmed-45987862015-10-15 Alcoholic Liver Disease: Role of Cytokines Neuman, Manuela G. Maor, Yaakov Nanau, Radu M. Melzer, Ehud Mell, Haim Opris, Mihai Cohen, Lawrence Malnick, Stephen Biomolecules Review The present review spans a broad spectrum of topics dealing with alcoholic liver disease (ALD), including clinical and translational research. It focuses on the role of the immune system and the signaling pathways of cytokines in the pathogenesis of ALD. An additional factor that contributes to the pathogenesis of ALD is lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which plays a central role in the induction of steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in the liver. LPS derived from the intestinal microbiota enters the portal circulation, and is recognized by macrophages (Kupffer cells) and hepatocytes. In individuals with ALD, excessive levels of LPS in the liver affect immune, parenchymal, and non-immune cells, which in turn release various inflammatory cytokines and recruit neutrophils and other inflammatory cells. In this review, we elucidate the mechanisms by which alcohol contributes to the activation of Kupffer cells and the inflammatory cascade. The role of the stellate cells in fibrogenesis is also discussed. MDPI 2015-08-28 /pmc/articles/PMC4598786/ /pubmed/26343741 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom5032023 Text en © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Neuman, Manuela G.
Maor, Yaakov
Nanau, Radu M.
Melzer, Ehud
Mell, Haim
Opris, Mihai
Cohen, Lawrence
Malnick, Stephen
Alcoholic Liver Disease: Role of Cytokines
title Alcoholic Liver Disease: Role of Cytokines
title_full Alcoholic Liver Disease: Role of Cytokines
title_fullStr Alcoholic Liver Disease: Role of Cytokines
title_full_unstemmed Alcoholic Liver Disease: Role of Cytokines
title_short Alcoholic Liver Disease: Role of Cytokines
title_sort alcoholic liver disease: role of cytokines
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4598786/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26343741
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom5032023
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