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Adaptive rheology and ordering of cell cytoskeleton govern matrix rigidity sensing

Matrix rigidity sensing regulates a large variety of cellular processes and has important implications for tissue development and disease. However, how cells probe matrix rigidity, and hence respond to it, remains unclear. Here, we show that rigidity sensing and adaptation emerge naturally from acti...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Gupta, Mukund, Sarangi, Bibhu Ranjan, Deschamps, Joran, Nematbakhsh, Yasaman, Callan-Jones, Andrew, Margadant, Felix, Mège, René-Marc, Lim, Chwee Teck, Voituriez, Raphaël, Ladoux, Benoît
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4599139/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26109233
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8525
Descripción
Sumario:Matrix rigidity sensing regulates a large variety of cellular processes and has important implications for tissue development and disease. However, how cells probe matrix rigidity, and hence respond to it, remains unclear. Here, we show that rigidity sensing and adaptation emerge naturally from actin cytoskeleton remodeling. Our in vitro experiments and theoretical modeling demonstrate a bi-phasic rheology of the actin cytoskeleton, which transitions from fluid on soft substrates to solid on stiffer ones. Furthermore, we find that increasing substrate stiffness correlates with the emergence of an orientational order in actin stress fibers, which exhibit an isotropic to nematic transition that we characterize quantitatively in the framework of active matter theory. These findings imply mechanisms mediated by a large-scale reinforcement of actin structures under stress, which could be the mechanical drivers of substrate stiffness dependent cell shape changes and cell polarity.