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Heterogeneity in the prevalence and intensity of bovine trypanosomiasis in the districts of Amuru and Nwoya, Northern Uganda

BACKGROUND: Livestock trypanosomiasis, transmitted mainly by tsetse flies of the genus Glossina is a major constraint to livestock health and productivity in the sub-Saharan Africa. Knowledge of the prevalence and intensity of trypanosomiasis is important in understanding the epidemiology of the dis...

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Autores principales: Angwech, Harriet, Nyeko, Jack H. P., Opiyo, Elizabeth A., Okello-Onen, Joseph, Opiro, Robert, Echodu, Richard, Malinga, Geoffrey M., Njahira, Moses N., Skilton, Robert A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4599665/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26449544
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-015-0567-6
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author Angwech, Harriet
Nyeko, Jack H. P.
Opiyo, Elizabeth A.
Okello-Onen, Joseph
Opiro, Robert
Echodu, Richard
Malinga, Geoffrey M.
Njahira, Moses N.
Skilton, Robert A.
author_facet Angwech, Harriet
Nyeko, Jack H. P.
Opiyo, Elizabeth A.
Okello-Onen, Joseph
Opiro, Robert
Echodu, Richard
Malinga, Geoffrey M.
Njahira, Moses N.
Skilton, Robert A.
author_sort Angwech, Harriet
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Livestock trypanosomiasis, transmitted mainly by tsetse flies of the genus Glossina is a major constraint to livestock health and productivity in the sub-Saharan Africa. Knowledge of the prevalence and intensity of trypanosomiasis is important in understanding the epidemiology of the disease. The objectives of this study were to (a) assess the prevalence and intensity of trypanosome infections in cattle, and (b) to investigate the reasons for the heterogeneity of the disease in the tsetse infested districts of Amuru and Nwoya, northern Uganda. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September, 2011 to January, 2012. Blood samples were collected from 816 cattle following jugular vein puncture, and screened for trypanosomes by HCT and ITS-PCR. A Pearson chi-squared test and logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between location, age, sex, and prevalence of trypanosome infections. RESULTS: Out of the 816 blood samples examined, 178 (22 %) and 338 (41 %) tested positive for trypanosomiasis by HCT and ITS-PCR, respectively. Trypanosoma vivax infection accounted for 77 % of infections detected by ITS-PCR, T. congolense (16 %), T. brucei s.l (4 %) and mixed (T. vivax/ T. congolense/T.brucei) infections (3 %). The risk of trypanosome infection was significantly associated with cattle age (χ(2)  = 220.4, df = 3, P < 0.001). The highest proportions of infected animals were adult males (26.7 %) and the least infected were the less than one year old calves (2.0 %). In addition, the risk of trypanosome infection was significantly associated with sex (χ(2) = 16.64, df = 1, P < 0.001), and males had a significantly higher prevalence of infections (26.8 %) than females (14.6 %). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the prevalence and intensity of trypanosome infections are highly heterogeneous being associated with cattle age, location and sex.
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spelling pubmed-45996652015-10-10 Heterogeneity in the prevalence and intensity of bovine trypanosomiasis in the districts of Amuru and Nwoya, Northern Uganda Angwech, Harriet Nyeko, Jack H. P. Opiyo, Elizabeth A. Okello-Onen, Joseph Opiro, Robert Echodu, Richard Malinga, Geoffrey M. Njahira, Moses N. Skilton, Robert A. BMC Vet Res Research Article BACKGROUND: Livestock trypanosomiasis, transmitted mainly by tsetse flies of the genus Glossina is a major constraint to livestock health and productivity in the sub-Saharan Africa. Knowledge of the prevalence and intensity of trypanosomiasis is important in understanding the epidemiology of the disease. The objectives of this study were to (a) assess the prevalence and intensity of trypanosome infections in cattle, and (b) to investigate the reasons for the heterogeneity of the disease in the tsetse infested districts of Amuru and Nwoya, northern Uganda. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September, 2011 to January, 2012. Blood samples were collected from 816 cattle following jugular vein puncture, and screened for trypanosomes by HCT and ITS-PCR. A Pearson chi-squared test and logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between location, age, sex, and prevalence of trypanosome infections. RESULTS: Out of the 816 blood samples examined, 178 (22 %) and 338 (41 %) tested positive for trypanosomiasis by HCT and ITS-PCR, respectively. Trypanosoma vivax infection accounted for 77 % of infections detected by ITS-PCR, T. congolense (16 %), T. brucei s.l (4 %) and mixed (T. vivax/ T. congolense/T.brucei) infections (3 %). The risk of trypanosome infection was significantly associated with cattle age (χ(2)  = 220.4, df = 3, P < 0.001). The highest proportions of infected animals were adult males (26.7 %) and the least infected were the less than one year old calves (2.0 %). In addition, the risk of trypanosome infection was significantly associated with sex (χ(2) = 16.64, df = 1, P < 0.001), and males had a significantly higher prevalence of infections (26.8 %) than females (14.6 %). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the prevalence and intensity of trypanosome infections are highly heterogeneous being associated with cattle age, location and sex. BioMed Central 2015-10-08 /pmc/articles/PMC4599665/ /pubmed/26449544 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-015-0567-6 Text en © Angwech et al. 2015 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Angwech, Harriet
Nyeko, Jack H. P.
Opiyo, Elizabeth A.
Okello-Onen, Joseph
Opiro, Robert
Echodu, Richard
Malinga, Geoffrey M.
Njahira, Moses N.
Skilton, Robert A.
Heterogeneity in the prevalence and intensity of bovine trypanosomiasis in the districts of Amuru and Nwoya, Northern Uganda
title Heterogeneity in the prevalence and intensity of bovine trypanosomiasis in the districts of Amuru and Nwoya, Northern Uganda
title_full Heterogeneity in the prevalence and intensity of bovine trypanosomiasis in the districts of Amuru and Nwoya, Northern Uganda
title_fullStr Heterogeneity in the prevalence and intensity of bovine trypanosomiasis in the districts of Amuru and Nwoya, Northern Uganda
title_full_unstemmed Heterogeneity in the prevalence and intensity of bovine trypanosomiasis in the districts of Amuru and Nwoya, Northern Uganda
title_short Heterogeneity in the prevalence and intensity of bovine trypanosomiasis in the districts of Amuru and Nwoya, Northern Uganda
title_sort heterogeneity in the prevalence and intensity of bovine trypanosomiasis in the districts of amuru and nwoya, northern uganda
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4599665/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26449544
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-015-0567-6
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