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Sex Hormones and Their Receptors Regulate Liver Energy Homeostasis

The liver is one of the most essential organs involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Hepatic steatosis, a major manifestation of metabolic syndrome, is associated with imbalance between lipid formation and breakdown, glucose production and catabolism, and cholesterol synthesis and secreti...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Shen, Minqian, Shi, Haifei
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4600502/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26491440
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/294278
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author Shen, Minqian
Shi, Haifei
author_facet Shen, Minqian
Shi, Haifei
author_sort Shen, Minqian
collection PubMed
description The liver is one of the most essential organs involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Hepatic steatosis, a major manifestation of metabolic syndrome, is associated with imbalance between lipid formation and breakdown, glucose production and catabolism, and cholesterol synthesis and secretion. Epidemiological studies show sex difference in the prevalence in fatty liver disease and suggest that sex hormones may play vital roles in regulating hepatic steatosis. In this review, we summarize current literature and discuss the role of estrogens and androgens and the mechanisms through which estrogen receptors and androgen receptors regulate lipid and glucose metabolism in the liver. In females, estradiol regulates liver metabolism via estrogen receptors by decreasing lipogenesis, gluconeogenesis, and fatty acid uptake, while enhancing lipolysis, cholesterol secretion, and glucose catabolism. In males, testosterone works via androgen receptors to increase insulin receptor expression and glycogen synthesis, decrease glucose uptake and lipogenesis, and promote cholesterol storage in the liver. These recent integrated concepts suggest that sex hormone receptors could be potential promising targets for the prevention of hepatic steatosis.
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spelling pubmed-46005022015-10-21 Sex Hormones and Their Receptors Regulate Liver Energy Homeostasis Shen, Minqian Shi, Haifei Int J Endocrinol Review Article The liver is one of the most essential organs involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Hepatic steatosis, a major manifestation of metabolic syndrome, is associated with imbalance between lipid formation and breakdown, glucose production and catabolism, and cholesterol synthesis and secretion. Epidemiological studies show sex difference in the prevalence in fatty liver disease and suggest that sex hormones may play vital roles in regulating hepatic steatosis. In this review, we summarize current literature and discuss the role of estrogens and androgens and the mechanisms through which estrogen receptors and androgen receptors regulate lipid and glucose metabolism in the liver. In females, estradiol regulates liver metabolism via estrogen receptors by decreasing lipogenesis, gluconeogenesis, and fatty acid uptake, while enhancing lipolysis, cholesterol secretion, and glucose catabolism. In males, testosterone works via androgen receptors to increase insulin receptor expression and glycogen synthesis, decrease glucose uptake and lipogenesis, and promote cholesterol storage in the liver. These recent integrated concepts suggest that sex hormone receptors could be potential promising targets for the prevention of hepatic steatosis. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015 2015-09-27 /pmc/articles/PMC4600502/ /pubmed/26491440 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/294278 Text en Copyright © 2015 M. Shen and H. Shi. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Shen, Minqian
Shi, Haifei
Sex Hormones and Their Receptors Regulate Liver Energy Homeostasis
title Sex Hormones and Their Receptors Regulate Liver Energy Homeostasis
title_full Sex Hormones and Their Receptors Regulate Liver Energy Homeostasis
title_fullStr Sex Hormones and Their Receptors Regulate Liver Energy Homeostasis
title_full_unstemmed Sex Hormones and Their Receptors Regulate Liver Energy Homeostasis
title_short Sex Hormones and Their Receptors Regulate Liver Energy Homeostasis
title_sort sex hormones and their receptors regulate liver energy homeostasis
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4600502/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26491440
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/294278
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