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Characteristics of structures and lesions of the eye in laboratory animals used in toxicity studies
Histopathology of the eye is an essential part of ocular toxicity evaluation. There are structural variations of the eye among several laboratory animals commonly used in toxicity studies, and many cases of ocular lesions in these animals are related to anatomical and physiological characteristics o...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Japanese Society of Toxicologic Pathology
2015
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4604127/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26538807 http://dx.doi.org/10.1293/tox.2015-0037 |
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author | Shibuya, Kazumoto Tomohiro, Masayuki Sasaki, Shoji Otake, Seiji |
author_facet | Shibuya, Kazumoto Tomohiro, Masayuki Sasaki, Shoji Otake, Seiji |
author_sort | Shibuya, Kazumoto |
collection | PubMed |
description | Histopathology of the eye is an essential part of ocular toxicity evaluation. There are structural variations of the eye among several laboratory animals commonly used in toxicity studies, and many cases of ocular lesions in these animals are related to anatomical and physiological characteristics of the eye. Since albino rats have no melanin in the eye, findings of the fundus can be observed clearly by ophthalmoscopy. Retinal atrophy is observed as a hyper-reflective lesion in the fundus and is usually observed as degeneration of the retina in histopathology. Albino rats are sensitive to light, and light-induced retinal degeneration is commonly observed because there is no melanin in the eye. Therefore, it is important to differentiate the causes of retinal degeneration because the lesion occurs spontaneously and is induced by several drugs or by lighting. In dogs, the tapetum lucidum, a multilayered reflective tissue of the choroid, is one of unique structures of the eye. Since tapetal cells contain reflecting crystals in which a high level of zinc has been demonstrated chemically, drug-induced tapetum degeneration is possibly related to zinc chelation. The eye of the monkey has a macula similar to that of humans. The macula consists only of cones with a high density, and light falls directly on the macula that plays an important role in visual acuity. Macular degeneration occurring in monkeys resembles histopathologically that of humans. Hence, the eye of the monkey is a suitable model to investigate macular degeneration and to assess drug-induced macular lesions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4604127 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Japanese Society of Toxicologic Pathology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-46041272015-11-04 Characteristics of structures and lesions of the eye in laboratory animals used in toxicity studies Shibuya, Kazumoto Tomohiro, Masayuki Sasaki, Shoji Otake, Seiji J Toxicol Pathol Concise Review Histopathology of the eye is an essential part of ocular toxicity evaluation. There are structural variations of the eye among several laboratory animals commonly used in toxicity studies, and many cases of ocular lesions in these animals are related to anatomical and physiological characteristics of the eye. Since albino rats have no melanin in the eye, findings of the fundus can be observed clearly by ophthalmoscopy. Retinal atrophy is observed as a hyper-reflective lesion in the fundus and is usually observed as degeneration of the retina in histopathology. Albino rats are sensitive to light, and light-induced retinal degeneration is commonly observed because there is no melanin in the eye. Therefore, it is important to differentiate the causes of retinal degeneration because the lesion occurs spontaneously and is induced by several drugs or by lighting. In dogs, the tapetum lucidum, a multilayered reflective tissue of the choroid, is one of unique structures of the eye. Since tapetal cells contain reflecting crystals in which a high level of zinc has been demonstrated chemically, drug-induced tapetum degeneration is possibly related to zinc chelation. The eye of the monkey has a macula similar to that of humans. The macula consists only of cones with a high density, and light falls directly on the macula that plays an important role in visual acuity. Macular degeneration occurring in monkeys resembles histopathologically that of humans. Hence, the eye of the monkey is a suitable model to investigate macular degeneration and to assess drug-induced macular lesions. Japanese Society of Toxicologic Pathology 2015-07-27 2015-10 /pmc/articles/PMC4604127/ /pubmed/26538807 http://dx.doi.org/10.1293/tox.2015-0037 Text en ©2015 The Japanese Society of Toxicologic Pathology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd) License. |
spellingShingle | Concise Review Shibuya, Kazumoto Tomohiro, Masayuki Sasaki, Shoji Otake, Seiji Characteristics of structures and lesions of the eye in laboratory animals used in toxicity studies |
title | Characteristics of structures and lesions of the eye in laboratory animals used in toxicity studies |
title_full | Characteristics of structures and lesions of the eye in laboratory animals used in toxicity studies |
title_fullStr | Characteristics of structures and lesions of the eye in laboratory animals used in toxicity studies |
title_full_unstemmed | Characteristics of structures and lesions of the eye in laboratory animals used in toxicity studies |
title_short | Characteristics of structures and lesions of the eye in laboratory animals used in toxicity studies |
title_sort | characteristics of structures and lesions of the eye in laboratory animals used in toxicity studies |
topic | Concise Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4604127/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26538807 http://dx.doi.org/10.1293/tox.2015-0037 |
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