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Physiological characterization of maize tolerance to low dose of aluminum, highlighted by promoted leaf growth

Effects of a low aluminum (Al) dose were characterized. The Al supplement inhibited root growth but enhanced leaf growth in maize lines with different Al sensitivities. High levels of Al are phytotoxic especially in acidic soils. The beneficial effects of low Al levels have been reported in some pla...

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Autores principales: Wang, Liang, Fan, Xian-Wei, Pan, Jian-Long, Huang, Zhang-Bao, Li, You-Zhi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4605970/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26253178
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-015-2376-3
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author Wang, Liang
Fan, Xian-Wei
Pan, Jian-Long
Huang, Zhang-Bao
Li, You-Zhi
author_facet Wang, Liang
Fan, Xian-Wei
Pan, Jian-Long
Huang, Zhang-Bao
Li, You-Zhi
author_sort Wang, Liang
collection PubMed
description Effects of a low aluminum (Al) dose were characterized. The Al supplement inhibited root growth but enhanced leaf growth in maize lines with different Al sensitivities. High levels of Al are phytotoxic especially in acidic soils. The beneficial effects of low Al levels have been reported in some plant species, but not in maize. Maize is relatively more sensitive to Al toxicity than other cereals. Seedlings, at the three leaf stage, of four Chinese maize foundation parent inbred lines with different Al tolerances, were exposed to complete Hoagland’s nutrient solution at pH 4.5 supplemented with 48 μM Al(3+) under controlled growth conditions, and then the Al stress (AS) was removed. The leaf and root growth, root cell viability, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ions (K(+), Ca(++) and Mg(++)), photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll, protein and malondialdehyde contents in tissues were assayed. In conclusion, a low Al dose inhibits root growth but enhances leaf growth in maize. The Al-promoted leaf growth is likely a result of increased protein synthesis, a lowered Ca(++) level, and the discharge of the growth-inhibitory factors. The Al-promoted leaf growth may be a ‘memory’ effect caused by the earlier AS in maize. Al causes cell wall rupture, and a loss of K(+), Ca(++) and Mg(++) from root cells. CAT is an auxiliary antioxidant enzyme that works selectively with either SOD or POD against AS-related peroxidation, depending on the maize tissue. CAT is a major antioxidant enzyme responsible for root growth, but SOD is important for leaf growth during AS and after its removal. Our results contribute to understanding how low levels of Al affect maize and Al-resistant mechanisms in maize.
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spelling pubmed-46059702015-10-19 Physiological characterization of maize tolerance to low dose of aluminum, highlighted by promoted leaf growth Wang, Liang Fan, Xian-Wei Pan, Jian-Long Huang, Zhang-Bao Li, You-Zhi Planta Original Article Effects of a low aluminum (Al) dose were characterized. The Al supplement inhibited root growth but enhanced leaf growth in maize lines with different Al sensitivities. High levels of Al are phytotoxic especially in acidic soils. The beneficial effects of low Al levels have been reported in some plant species, but not in maize. Maize is relatively more sensitive to Al toxicity than other cereals. Seedlings, at the three leaf stage, of four Chinese maize foundation parent inbred lines with different Al tolerances, were exposed to complete Hoagland’s nutrient solution at pH 4.5 supplemented with 48 μM Al(3+) under controlled growth conditions, and then the Al stress (AS) was removed. The leaf and root growth, root cell viability, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ions (K(+), Ca(++) and Mg(++)), photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll, protein and malondialdehyde contents in tissues were assayed. In conclusion, a low Al dose inhibits root growth but enhances leaf growth in maize. The Al-promoted leaf growth is likely a result of increased protein synthesis, a lowered Ca(++) level, and the discharge of the growth-inhibitory factors. The Al-promoted leaf growth may be a ‘memory’ effect caused by the earlier AS in maize. Al causes cell wall rupture, and a loss of K(+), Ca(++) and Mg(++) from root cells. CAT is an auxiliary antioxidant enzyme that works selectively with either SOD or POD against AS-related peroxidation, depending on the maize tissue. CAT is a major antioxidant enzyme responsible for root growth, but SOD is important for leaf growth during AS and after its removal. Our results contribute to understanding how low levels of Al affect maize and Al-resistant mechanisms in maize. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2015-08-08 2015 /pmc/articles/PMC4605970/ /pubmed/26253178 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-015-2376-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2015 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
spellingShingle Original Article
Wang, Liang
Fan, Xian-Wei
Pan, Jian-Long
Huang, Zhang-Bao
Li, You-Zhi
Physiological characterization of maize tolerance to low dose of aluminum, highlighted by promoted leaf growth
title Physiological characterization of maize tolerance to low dose of aluminum, highlighted by promoted leaf growth
title_full Physiological characterization of maize tolerance to low dose of aluminum, highlighted by promoted leaf growth
title_fullStr Physiological characterization of maize tolerance to low dose of aluminum, highlighted by promoted leaf growth
title_full_unstemmed Physiological characterization of maize tolerance to low dose of aluminum, highlighted by promoted leaf growth
title_short Physiological characterization of maize tolerance to low dose of aluminum, highlighted by promoted leaf growth
title_sort physiological characterization of maize tolerance to low dose of aluminum, highlighted by promoted leaf growth
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4605970/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26253178
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-015-2376-3
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