Association of matrix metalloproteinase 1 gene promoter mutation and residual ridge resorption in edentulous patients of South Indian origin

BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) are involved in bone transformation at the extraction site postdental extraction. We examined the genetic association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of MMP-1 and continuous atrophy of edentulous mandible. METHODS: Buccal cells from 33 edentulous patients were collected using sterile wooden spatula and were suspended in 15 ml falcon tubes containing 1.5 ml of cell lysis buffer, without proteinase K. The cells were transported to the laboratory on ice and were stored at −20°C until being processed. RESULTS: Of the samples analyzed, 26 edentulous patients (78.8%) carried 2G allele, while 7 of them (21.2%) carried 1G allele. CONCLUSION: The patients with the alveolar bone resorption exhibited more of 2G allele while only 21.2% of them showed 1G allele, associated with excessive atrophy of edentulous mandible. This study may provide genetic background to identify susceptible individuals prone to develop jawbone atrophy after dental extraction.