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Effect of Elevated Atmospheric CO(2) and Temperature on the Disease Severity of Rocket Plants Caused by Fusarium Wilt under Phytotron Conditions

The severity of F. oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans on rocket plants grown under simulated climate change conditions has been studied. The rocket plants were cultivated on an infested substrate (4 log CFU g(-1)) and a non-infested substrate over three cycles. Pots were placed in six phytotrons in order...

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Autores principales: Chitarra, Walter, Siciliano, Ilenia, Ferrocino, Ilario, Gullino, Maria Lodovica, Garibaldi, Angelo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4607163/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26469870
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140769
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author Chitarra, Walter
Siciliano, Ilenia
Ferrocino, Ilario
Gullino, Maria Lodovica
Garibaldi, Angelo
author_facet Chitarra, Walter
Siciliano, Ilenia
Ferrocino, Ilario
Gullino, Maria Lodovica
Garibaldi, Angelo
author_sort Chitarra, Walter
collection PubMed
description The severity of F. oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans on rocket plants grown under simulated climate change conditions has been studied. The rocket plants were cultivated on an infested substrate (4 log CFU g(-1)) and a non-infested substrate over three cycles. Pots were placed in six phytotrons in order to simulate different environmental conditions: 1) 400–450 ppm CO(2), 18–22°C; 2) 800–850 ppm CO(2), 18–22°C; 3) 400–450 ppm CO(2), 22–26°C, 4) 800–850 ppm CO(2), 22–26°C, 5) 400–450 ppm CO(2), 26–30°C; 6) 800–850 ppm CO(2), 26–30°C. Substrates from the infested and control samples were collected from each phytotron at 0, 60 and 120 days after transplanting. The disease index, microbial abundance, leaf physiological performances, root exudates and variability in the fungal profiles were monitored. The disease index was found to be significantly influenced by higher levels of temperature and CO(2). Plate counts showed that fungal and bacterial development was not affected by the different CO(2) and temperature levels, but a significant decreasing trend was observed from 0 up to 120 days. Conversely, the F. oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans plate counts did not show any significantly decrease from 0 up to 120 days. The fungal profiles, evaluated by means of polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), showed a relationship to temperature and CO(2) on fungal diversity profiles. Different exudation patterns were observed when the controls and infested plants were compared, and it was found that both CO(2) and temperature can influence the release of compounds from the roots of rocket plants. In short, the results show that global climate changes could influence disease incidence, probably through plant-mediated effects, caused by soilborne pathogens.
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spelling pubmed-46071632015-10-29 Effect of Elevated Atmospheric CO(2) and Temperature on the Disease Severity of Rocket Plants Caused by Fusarium Wilt under Phytotron Conditions Chitarra, Walter Siciliano, Ilenia Ferrocino, Ilario Gullino, Maria Lodovica Garibaldi, Angelo PLoS One Research Article The severity of F. oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans on rocket plants grown under simulated climate change conditions has been studied. The rocket plants were cultivated on an infested substrate (4 log CFU g(-1)) and a non-infested substrate over three cycles. Pots were placed in six phytotrons in order to simulate different environmental conditions: 1) 400–450 ppm CO(2), 18–22°C; 2) 800–850 ppm CO(2), 18–22°C; 3) 400–450 ppm CO(2), 22–26°C, 4) 800–850 ppm CO(2), 22–26°C, 5) 400–450 ppm CO(2), 26–30°C; 6) 800–850 ppm CO(2), 26–30°C. Substrates from the infested and control samples were collected from each phytotron at 0, 60 and 120 days after transplanting. The disease index, microbial abundance, leaf physiological performances, root exudates and variability in the fungal profiles were monitored. The disease index was found to be significantly influenced by higher levels of temperature and CO(2). Plate counts showed that fungal and bacterial development was not affected by the different CO(2) and temperature levels, but a significant decreasing trend was observed from 0 up to 120 days. Conversely, the F. oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans plate counts did not show any significantly decrease from 0 up to 120 days. The fungal profiles, evaluated by means of polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), showed a relationship to temperature and CO(2) on fungal diversity profiles. Different exudation patterns were observed when the controls and infested plants were compared, and it was found that both CO(2) and temperature can influence the release of compounds from the roots of rocket plants. In short, the results show that global climate changes could influence disease incidence, probably through plant-mediated effects, caused by soilborne pathogens. Public Library of Science 2015-10-15 /pmc/articles/PMC4607163/ /pubmed/26469870 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140769 Text en © 2015 Chitarra et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Chitarra, Walter
Siciliano, Ilenia
Ferrocino, Ilario
Gullino, Maria Lodovica
Garibaldi, Angelo
Effect of Elevated Atmospheric CO(2) and Temperature on the Disease Severity of Rocket Plants Caused by Fusarium Wilt under Phytotron Conditions
title Effect of Elevated Atmospheric CO(2) and Temperature on the Disease Severity of Rocket Plants Caused by Fusarium Wilt under Phytotron Conditions
title_full Effect of Elevated Atmospheric CO(2) and Temperature on the Disease Severity of Rocket Plants Caused by Fusarium Wilt under Phytotron Conditions
title_fullStr Effect of Elevated Atmospheric CO(2) and Temperature on the Disease Severity of Rocket Plants Caused by Fusarium Wilt under Phytotron Conditions
title_full_unstemmed Effect of Elevated Atmospheric CO(2) and Temperature on the Disease Severity of Rocket Plants Caused by Fusarium Wilt under Phytotron Conditions
title_short Effect of Elevated Atmospheric CO(2) and Temperature on the Disease Severity of Rocket Plants Caused by Fusarium Wilt under Phytotron Conditions
title_sort effect of elevated atmospheric co(2) and temperature on the disease severity of rocket plants caused by fusarium wilt under phytotron conditions
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4607163/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26469870
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140769
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