Peritonitis following Endoscopy in a Patient on Peritoneal Dialysis with a Discussion of Current Recommendations on Antibiotic Prophylaxis

Patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) are at increased risk for peritonitis. We report a case of a patient with end-stage renal disease on continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) who developed peritonitis within 24 h of upper endoscopy with biopsy and colonoscopy with polypectomy. He had a previous history of peritonitis unrelated to invasive procedures and eventually was transitioned to hemodialysis because of his recurrent peritonitis. The International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) and newly revised American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) guidelines recommend prophylactic antibiotics for CAPD patients undergoing endoscopic procedures. Other guidelines do not address this issue, and there has been limited evidence to support recommendations.