Cargando…

Theoretical and Numerical Approaches for Determining the Reflection and Transmission Coefficients of OPEFB-PCL Composites at X-Band Frequencies

Bio-composites of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibres and polycaprolactones (PCL) with a thickness of 1 mm were prepared and characterized. The composites produced from these materials are low in density, inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and possess good dielectric characteristics. The m...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Ahmad, Ahmad F., Abbas, Zulkifly, Obaiys, Suzan J., Ibrahim, Norazowa, Hashim, Mansor, Khaleel, Haider
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4608678/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26474301
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140505
_version_ 1782395695782690816
author Ahmad, Ahmad F.
Abbas, Zulkifly
Obaiys, Suzan J.
Ibrahim, Norazowa
Hashim, Mansor
Khaleel, Haider
author_facet Ahmad, Ahmad F.
Abbas, Zulkifly
Obaiys, Suzan J.
Ibrahim, Norazowa
Hashim, Mansor
Khaleel, Haider
author_sort Ahmad, Ahmad F.
collection PubMed
description Bio-composites of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibres and polycaprolactones (PCL) with a thickness of 1 mm were prepared and characterized. The composites produced from these materials are low in density, inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and possess good dielectric characteristics. The magnitudes of the reflection and transmission coefficients of OPEFB fibre-reinforced PCL composites with different percentages of filler were measured using a rectangular waveguide in conjunction with a microwave vector network analyzer (VNA) in the X-band frequency range. In contrast to the effective medium theory, which states that polymer-based composites with a high dielectric constant can be obtained by doping a filler with a high dielectric constant into a host material with a low dielectric constant, this paper demonstrates that the use of a low filler percentage (12.2%OPEFB) and a high matrix percentage (87.8%PCL) provides excellent results for the dielectric constant and loss factor, whereas 63.8% filler material with 36.2% host material results in lower values for both the dielectric constant and loss factor. The open-ended probe technique (OEC), connected with the Agilent vector network analyzer (VNA), is used to determine the dielectric properties of the materials under investigation. The comparative approach indicates that the mean relative error of FEM is smaller than that of NRW in terms of the corresponding S(21) magnitude. The present calculation of the matrix/filler percentages endorses the exact amounts of substrate utilized in various physics applications.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-4608678
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2015
publisher Public Library of Science
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-46086782015-10-29 Theoretical and Numerical Approaches for Determining the Reflection and Transmission Coefficients of OPEFB-PCL Composites at X-Band Frequencies Ahmad, Ahmad F. Abbas, Zulkifly Obaiys, Suzan J. Ibrahim, Norazowa Hashim, Mansor Khaleel, Haider PLoS One Research Article Bio-composites of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibres and polycaprolactones (PCL) with a thickness of 1 mm were prepared and characterized. The composites produced from these materials are low in density, inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and possess good dielectric characteristics. The magnitudes of the reflection and transmission coefficients of OPEFB fibre-reinforced PCL composites with different percentages of filler were measured using a rectangular waveguide in conjunction with a microwave vector network analyzer (VNA) in the X-band frequency range. In contrast to the effective medium theory, which states that polymer-based composites with a high dielectric constant can be obtained by doping a filler with a high dielectric constant into a host material with a low dielectric constant, this paper demonstrates that the use of a low filler percentage (12.2%OPEFB) and a high matrix percentage (87.8%PCL) provides excellent results for the dielectric constant and loss factor, whereas 63.8% filler material with 36.2% host material results in lower values for both the dielectric constant and loss factor. The open-ended probe technique (OEC), connected with the Agilent vector network analyzer (VNA), is used to determine the dielectric properties of the materials under investigation. The comparative approach indicates that the mean relative error of FEM is smaller than that of NRW in terms of the corresponding S(21) magnitude. The present calculation of the matrix/filler percentages endorses the exact amounts of substrate utilized in various physics applications. Public Library of Science 2015-10-16 /pmc/articles/PMC4608678/ /pubmed/26474301 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140505 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration, which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose.
spellingShingle Research Article
Ahmad, Ahmad F.
Abbas, Zulkifly
Obaiys, Suzan J.
Ibrahim, Norazowa
Hashim, Mansor
Khaleel, Haider
Theoretical and Numerical Approaches for Determining the Reflection and Transmission Coefficients of OPEFB-PCL Composites at X-Band Frequencies
title Theoretical and Numerical Approaches for Determining the Reflection and Transmission Coefficients of OPEFB-PCL Composites at X-Band Frequencies
title_full Theoretical and Numerical Approaches for Determining the Reflection and Transmission Coefficients of OPEFB-PCL Composites at X-Band Frequencies
title_fullStr Theoretical and Numerical Approaches for Determining the Reflection and Transmission Coefficients of OPEFB-PCL Composites at X-Band Frequencies
title_full_unstemmed Theoretical and Numerical Approaches for Determining the Reflection and Transmission Coefficients of OPEFB-PCL Composites at X-Band Frequencies
title_short Theoretical and Numerical Approaches for Determining the Reflection and Transmission Coefficients of OPEFB-PCL Composites at X-Band Frequencies
title_sort theoretical and numerical approaches for determining the reflection and transmission coefficients of opefb-pcl composites at x-band frequencies
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4608678/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26474301
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140505
work_keys_str_mv AT ahmadahmadf theoreticalandnumericalapproachesfordeterminingthereflectionandtransmissioncoefficientsofopefbpclcompositesatxbandfrequencies
AT abbaszulkifly theoreticalandnumericalapproachesfordeterminingthereflectionandtransmissioncoefficientsofopefbpclcompositesatxbandfrequencies
AT obaiyssuzanj theoreticalandnumericalapproachesfordeterminingthereflectionandtransmissioncoefficientsofopefbpclcompositesatxbandfrequencies
AT ibrahimnorazowa theoreticalandnumericalapproachesfordeterminingthereflectionandtransmissioncoefficientsofopefbpclcompositesatxbandfrequencies
AT hashimmansor theoreticalandnumericalapproachesfordeterminingthereflectionandtransmissioncoefficientsofopefbpclcompositesatxbandfrequencies
AT khaleelhaider theoreticalandnumericalapproachesfordeterminingthereflectionandtransmissioncoefficientsofopefbpclcompositesatxbandfrequencies