Cargando…
Theoretical and Numerical Approaches for Determining the Reflection and Transmission Coefficients of OPEFB-PCL Composites at X-Band Frequencies
Bio-composites of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibres and polycaprolactones (PCL) with a thickness of 1 mm were prepared and characterized. The composites produced from these materials are low in density, inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and possess good dielectric characteristics. The m...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2015
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4608678/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26474301 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140505 |
_version_ | 1782395695782690816 |
---|---|
author | Ahmad, Ahmad F. Abbas, Zulkifly Obaiys, Suzan J. Ibrahim, Norazowa Hashim, Mansor Khaleel, Haider |
author_facet | Ahmad, Ahmad F. Abbas, Zulkifly Obaiys, Suzan J. Ibrahim, Norazowa Hashim, Mansor Khaleel, Haider |
author_sort | Ahmad, Ahmad F. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Bio-composites of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibres and polycaprolactones (PCL) with a thickness of 1 mm were prepared and characterized. The composites produced from these materials are low in density, inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and possess good dielectric characteristics. The magnitudes of the reflection and transmission coefficients of OPEFB fibre-reinforced PCL composites with different percentages of filler were measured using a rectangular waveguide in conjunction with a microwave vector network analyzer (VNA) in the X-band frequency range. In contrast to the effective medium theory, which states that polymer-based composites with a high dielectric constant can be obtained by doping a filler with a high dielectric constant into a host material with a low dielectric constant, this paper demonstrates that the use of a low filler percentage (12.2%OPEFB) and a high matrix percentage (87.8%PCL) provides excellent results for the dielectric constant and loss factor, whereas 63.8% filler material with 36.2% host material results in lower values for both the dielectric constant and loss factor. The open-ended probe technique (OEC), connected with the Agilent vector network analyzer (VNA), is used to determine the dielectric properties of the materials under investigation. The comparative approach indicates that the mean relative error of FEM is smaller than that of NRW in terms of the corresponding S(21) magnitude. The present calculation of the matrix/filler percentages endorses the exact amounts of substrate utilized in various physics applications. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4608678 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-46086782015-10-29 Theoretical and Numerical Approaches for Determining the Reflection and Transmission Coefficients of OPEFB-PCL Composites at X-Band Frequencies Ahmad, Ahmad F. Abbas, Zulkifly Obaiys, Suzan J. Ibrahim, Norazowa Hashim, Mansor Khaleel, Haider PLoS One Research Article Bio-composites of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibres and polycaprolactones (PCL) with a thickness of 1 mm were prepared and characterized. The composites produced from these materials are low in density, inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and possess good dielectric characteristics. The magnitudes of the reflection and transmission coefficients of OPEFB fibre-reinforced PCL composites with different percentages of filler were measured using a rectangular waveguide in conjunction with a microwave vector network analyzer (VNA) in the X-band frequency range. In contrast to the effective medium theory, which states that polymer-based composites with a high dielectric constant can be obtained by doping a filler with a high dielectric constant into a host material with a low dielectric constant, this paper demonstrates that the use of a low filler percentage (12.2%OPEFB) and a high matrix percentage (87.8%PCL) provides excellent results for the dielectric constant and loss factor, whereas 63.8% filler material with 36.2% host material results in lower values for both the dielectric constant and loss factor. The open-ended probe technique (OEC), connected with the Agilent vector network analyzer (VNA), is used to determine the dielectric properties of the materials under investigation. The comparative approach indicates that the mean relative error of FEM is smaller than that of NRW in terms of the corresponding S(21) magnitude. The present calculation of the matrix/filler percentages endorses the exact amounts of substrate utilized in various physics applications. Public Library of Science 2015-10-16 /pmc/articles/PMC4608678/ /pubmed/26474301 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140505 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration, which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Ahmad, Ahmad F. Abbas, Zulkifly Obaiys, Suzan J. Ibrahim, Norazowa Hashim, Mansor Khaleel, Haider Theoretical and Numerical Approaches for Determining the Reflection and Transmission Coefficients of OPEFB-PCL Composites at X-Band Frequencies |
title | Theoretical and Numerical Approaches for Determining the Reflection and Transmission Coefficients of OPEFB-PCL Composites at X-Band Frequencies |
title_full | Theoretical and Numerical Approaches for Determining the Reflection and Transmission Coefficients of OPEFB-PCL Composites at X-Band Frequencies |
title_fullStr | Theoretical and Numerical Approaches for Determining the Reflection and Transmission Coefficients of OPEFB-PCL Composites at X-Band Frequencies |
title_full_unstemmed | Theoretical and Numerical Approaches for Determining the Reflection and Transmission Coefficients of OPEFB-PCL Composites at X-Band Frequencies |
title_short | Theoretical and Numerical Approaches for Determining the Reflection and Transmission Coefficients of OPEFB-PCL Composites at X-Band Frequencies |
title_sort | theoretical and numerical approaches for determining the reflection and transmission coefficients of opefb-pcl composites at x-band frequencies |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4608678/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26474301 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140505 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT ahmadahmadf theoreticalandnumericalapproachesfordeterminingthereflectionandtransmissioncoefficientsofopefbpclcompositesatxbandfrequencies AT abbaszulkifly theoreticalandnumericalapproachesfordeterminingthereflectionandtransmissioncoefficientsofopefbpclcompositesatxbandfrequencies AT obaiyssuzanj theoreticalandnumericalapproachesfordeterminingthereflectionandtransmissioncoefficientsofopefbpclcompositesatxbandfrequencies AT ibrahimnorazowa theoreticalandnumericalapproachesfordeterminingthereflectionandtransmissioncoefficientsofopefbpclcompositesatxbandfrequencies AT hashimmansor theoreticalandnumericalapproachesfordeterminingthereflectionandtransmissioncoefficientsofopefbpclcompositesatxbandfrequencies AT khaleelhaider theoreticalandnumericalapproachesfordeterminingthereflectionandtransmissioncoefficientsofopefbpclcompositesatxbandfrequencies |