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Why does parental language input style predict child language development? A twin study of gene–environment correlation
There are well-established correlations between parental input style and child language development, which have typically been interpreted as evidence that the input style causes, or influences the rate of, changes in child language. We present evidence from a large twin study (TEDS; 8395 pairs for...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier Scientific Publishing
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4610950/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26277213 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2015.07.004 |
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author | Dale, Philip S. Tosto, Maria Grazia Hayiou-Thomas, Marianna E. Plomin, Robert |
author_facet | Dale, Philip S. Tosto, Maria Grazia Hayiou-Thomas, Marianna E. Plomin, Robert |
author_sort | Dale, Philip S. |
collection | PubMed |
description | There are well-established correlations between parental input style and child language development, which have typically been interpreted as evidence that the input style causes, or influences the rate of, changes in child language. We present evidence from a large twin study (TEDS; 8395 pairs for this report) that there are also likely to be both child-to-parent effects and shared genetic effects on parent and child. Self-reported parental language style at child age 3 and age 4 was aggregated into an ‘informal language stimulation’ factor and a ‘corrective feedback’ factor at each age; the former was positively correlated with child language concurrently and longitudinally at 3, 4, and 4.5 years, whereas the latter was weakly and negatively correlated. Both parental input factors were moderately heritable, as was child language. Longitudinal bivariate analysis showed that the correlation between the language stimulation factor and child language was significantly and moderately due to shared genes. There is some suggestive evidence from longitudinal phenotypic analysis that the prediction from parental language stimulation to child language includes both evocative and passive gene–environment correlation, with the latter playing a larger role. Learning outcomes: The reader will understand why correlations between parental language and rate of child language are by themselves ambiguous, and how twin studies can clarify the relationship. The reader will also understand that, based on the present study, at least two aspects of parental language style – informal language stimulation and corrective feedback – have substantial genetic influence, and that for informal language stimulation, a substantial portion of the prediction to child language represents the effect of shared genes on both parent and child. It will also be appreciated that these basic research findings do not imply that parental language input style is unimportant or that interventions cannot be effective. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4610950 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Elsevier Scientific Publishing |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-46109502015-11-02 Why does parental language input style predict child language development? A twin study of gene–environment correlation Dale, Philip S. Tosto, Maria Grazia Hayiou-Thomas, Marianna E. Plomin, Robert J Commun Disord Article There are well-established correlations between parental input style and child language development, which have typically been interpreted as evidence that the input style causes, or influences the rate of, changes in child language. We present evidence from a large twin study (TEDS; 8395 pairs for this report) that there are also likely to be both child-to-parent effects and shared genetic effects on parent and child. Self-reported parental language style at child age 3 and age 4 was aggregated into an ‘informal language stimulation’ factor and a ‘corrective feedback’ factor at each age; the former was positively correlated with child language concurrently and longitudinally at 3, 4, and 4.5 years, whereas the latter was weakly and negatively correlated. Both parental input factors were moderately heritable, as was child language. Longitudinal bivariate analysis showed that the correlation between the language stimulation factor and child language was significantly and moderately due to shared genes. There is some suggestive evidence from longitudinal phenotypic analysis that the prediction from parental language stimulation to child language includes both evocative and passive gene–environment correlation, with the latter playing a larger role. Learning outcomes: The reader will understand why correlations between parental language and rate of child language are by themselves ambiguous, and how twin studies can clarify the relationship. The reader will also understand that, based on the present study, at least two aspects of parental language style – informal language stimulation and corrective feedback – have substantial genetic influence, and that for informal language stimulation, a substantial portion of the prediction to child language represents the effect of shared genes on both parent and child. It will also be appreciated that these basic research findings do not imply that parental language input style is unimportant or that interventions cannot be effective. Elsevier Scientific Publishing 2015 /pmc/articles/PMC4610950/ /pubmed/26277213 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2015.07.004 Text en © 2015 The Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Dale, Philip S. Tosto, Maria Grazia Hayiou-Thomas, Marianna E. Plomin, Robert Why does parental language input style predict child language development? A twin study of gene–environment correlation |
title | Why does parental language input style predict child language development? A twin study of gene–environment correlation |
title_full | Why does parental language input style predict child language development? A twin study of gene–environment correlation |
title_fullStr | Why does parental language input style predict child language development? A twin study of gene–environment correlation |
title_full_unstemmed | Why does parental language input style predict child language development? A twin study of gene–environment correlation |
title_short | Why does parental language input style predict child language development? A twin study of gene–environment correlation |
title_sort | why does parental language input style predict child language development? a twin study of gene–environment correlation |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4610950/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26277213 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2015.07.004 |
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