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HIV Inhibition by Lactobacilli: Easier in a Test Tube Than in Real Life

A lactobacillus-dominant vaginal microbiota has been shown to decrease heterosexual HIV transmission. Nunn et al. now report that a vaginal microbiota dominated by Lactobacillus crispatus is associated with a relative inability of HIV pseudoviral particles to transverse cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) in...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Witkin, Steven S., Linhares, Iara M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Society of Microbiology 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4611048/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26443461
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01485-15
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author Witkin, Steven S.
Linhares, Iara M.
author_facet Witkin, Steven S.
Linhares, Iara M.
author_sort Witkin, Steven S.
collection PubMed
description A lactobacillus-dominant vaginal microbiota has been shown to decrease heterosexual HIV transmission. Nunn et al. now report that a vaginal microbiota dominated by Lactobacillus crispatus is associated with a relative inability of HIV pseudoviral particles to transverse cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) in vitro [mBio 6(5):e01084-15, 2015, doi:10.1128/mBio.01084-15]. The purported inhibitory mechanism is the interaction between carboxyl groups present on HIV and in CVM that occurred only under acidic conditions when carboxyl groups were protonated. L. crispatus produces high levels of lactic acid and results in the lowest vaginal pH when it is the dominant vaginal bacterium. In addition, high levels of lactic acid inhibit the proliferation of other bacteria that might negatively affect CVM structure. The utility of enhancing L. crispatus dominance to inhibit HIV transmission awaits assessment of the influence of ejaculated semen on this property and investigations on the role of Lactobacillus products such as d-lactic acid in this property.
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spelling pubmed-46110482015-10-25 HIV Inhibition by Lactobacilli: Easier in a Test Tube Than in Real Life Witkin, Steven S. Linhares, Iara M. mBio Commentary A lactobacillus-dominant vaginal microbiota has been shown to decrease heterosexual HIV transmission. Nunn et al. now report that a vaginal microbiota dominated by Lactobacillus crispatus is associated with a relative inability of HIV pseudoviral particles to transverse cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) in vitro [mBio 6(5):e01084-15, 2015, doi:10.1128/mBio.01084-15]. The purported inhibitory mechanism is the interaction between carboxyl groups present on HIV and in CVM that occurred only under acidic conditions when carboxyl groups were protonated. L. crispatus produces high levels of lactic acid and results in the lowest vaginal pH when it is the dominant vaginal bacterium. In addition, high levels of lactic acid inhibit the proliferation of other bacteria that might negatively affect CVM structure. The utility of enhancing L. crispatus dominance to inhibit HIV transmission awaits assessment of the influence of ejaculated semen on this property and investigations on the role of Lactobacillus products such as d-lactic acid in this property. American Society of Microbiology 2015-10-06 /pmc/articles/PMC4611048/ /pubmed/26443461 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01485-15 Text en Copyright © 2015 Witkin and Linhares. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/) , which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Commentary
Witkin, Steven S.
Linhares, Iara M.
HIV Inhibition by Lactobacilli: Easier in a Test Tube Than in Real Life
title HIV Inhibition by Lactobacilli: Easier in a Test Tube Than in Real Life
title_full HIV Inhibition by Lactobacilli: Easier in a Test Tube Than in Real Life
title_fullStr HIV Inhibition by Lactobacilli: Easier in a Test Tube Than in Real Life
title_full_unstemmed HIV Inhibition by Lactobacilli: Easier in a Test Tube Than in Real Life
title_short HIV Inhibition by Lactobacilli: Easier in a Test Tube Than in Real Life
title_sort hiv inhibition by lactobacilli: easier in a test tube than in real life
topic Commentary
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4611048/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26443461
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01485-15
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