Neonatal brain abscess: An atypical presentation

Brain abscesses occur as an uncommon complication of bacterial meningitis in the neonatal period. A 34 weeks preterm at-risk neonate presented with abnormal breathing pattern and inability to maintain the oxygen saturation in room air. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study revealed intra-parenchymal brain abscesses in the left basal ganglion and bilateral fronto-parietal regions. Intravenous piperacillin – tazobactam was commenced and continued for 6 weeks in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. No surgical intervention was required. The patient responded to the medical management and was discharged after the documentation of radiological clearance in repeat MRI study. No complications were recorded. An appropriate neuro-developmental outcome was observed on follow-up. Brain abscesses may not be preceded by meningitis in all neonates. A strong clinical suspicion is required for the diagnosis especially in cases with atypical presentation.