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Impact of cocaine abuse on HIV pathogenesis

Over 1.2 million people in the United States are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Tremendous progress has been made over the past three decades on many fronts in the prevention and treatment of HIV-1 disease. However, HIV-1 infection is incurable and antiretroviral drug...

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Autores principales: Dash, Sabyasachi, Balasubramaniam, Muthukumar, Villalta, Fernando, Dash, Chandravanu, Pandhare, Jui
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4611962/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26539167
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01111
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author Dash, Sabyasachi
Balasubramaniam, Muthukumar
Villalta, Fernando
Dash, Chandravanu
Pandhare, Jui
author_facet Dash, Sabyasachi
Balasubramaniam, Muthukumar
Villalta, Fernando
Dash, Chandravanu
Pandhare, Jui
author_sort Dash, Sabyasachi
collection PubMed
description Over 1.2 million people in the United States are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Tremendous progress has been made over the past three decades on many fronts in the prevention and treatment of HIV-1 disease. However, HIV-1 infection is incurable and antiretroviral drugs continue to remain the only effective treatment option for HIV infected patients. Unfortunately, only three out of ten HIV-1 infected individuals in the US have the virus under control. Thus, majority of HIV-1 infected individuals in the US are either unaware of their infection status or not connected/retained to care or are non-adherent to antiretroviral therapy (ART). This national public health crisis, as well as the ongoing global HIV/AIDS pandemic, is further exacerbated by substance abuse, which serves as a powerful cofactor at every stage of HIV/AIDS including transmission, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment. Clinical studies indicate that substance abuse may increase viral load, accelerate disease progression and worsen AIDS-related mortality even among ART-adherent patients. However, confirming a direct causal link between substance abuse and HIV/AIDS in human patients remains a highly challenging endeavor. In this review we will discuss the recent and past developments in clinical and basic science research on the effects of cocaine abuse on HIV-1 pathogenesis.
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spelling pubmed-46119622015-11-04 Impact of cocaine abuse on HIV pathogenesis Dash, Sabyasachi Balasubramaniam, Muthukumar Villalta, Fernando Dash, Chandravanu Pandhare, Jui Front Microbiol Microbiology Over 1.2 million people in the United States are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Tremendous progress has been made over the past three decades on many fronts in the prevention and treatment of HIV-1 disease. However, HIV-1 infection is incurable and antiretroviral drugs continue to remain the only effective treatment option for HIV infected patients. Unfortunately, only three out of ten HIV-1 infected individuals in the US have the virus under control. Thus, majority of HIV-1 infected individuals in the US are either unaware of their infection status or not connected/retained to care or are non-adherent to antiretroviral therapy (ART). This national public health crisis, as well as the ongoing global HIV/AIDS pandemic, is further exacerbated by substance abuse, which serves as a powerful cofactor at every stage of HIV/AIDS including transmission, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment. Clinical studies indicate that substance abuse may increase viral load, accelerate disease progression and worsen AIDS-related mortality even among ART-adherent patients. However, confirming a direct causal link between substance abuse and HIV/AIDS in human patients remains a highly challenging endeavor. In this review we will discuss the recent and past developments in clinical and basic science research on the effects of cocaine abuse on HIV-1 pathogenesis. Frontiers Media S.A. 2015-10-20 /pmc/articles/PMC4611962/ /pubmed/26539167 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01111 Text en Copyright © 2015 Dash, Balasubramaniam, Villalta, Dash and Pandhare. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Dash, Sabyasachi
Balasubramaniam, Muthukumar
Villalta, Fernando
Dash, Chandravanu
Pandhare, Jui
Impact of cocaine abuse on HIV pathogenesis
title Impact of cocaine abuse on HIV pathogenesis
title_full Impact of cocaine abuse on HIV pathogenesis
title_fullStr Impact of cocaine abuse on HIV pathogenesis
title_full_unstemmed Impact of cocaine abuse on HIV pathogenesis
title_short Impact of cocaine abuse on HIV pathogenesis
title_sort impact of cocaine abuse on hiv pathogenesis
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4611962/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26539167
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01111
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