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Impact of cocaine abuse on HIV pathogenesis
Over 1.2 million people in the United States are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Tremendous progress has been made over the past three decades on many fronts in the prevention and treatment of HIV-1 disease. However, HIV-1 infection is incurable and antiretroviral drug...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4611962/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26539167 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01111 |
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author | Dash, Sabyasachi Balasubramaniam, Muthukumar Villalta, Fernando Dash, Chandravanu Pandhare, Jui |
author_facet | Dash, Sabyasachi Balasubramaniam, Muthukumar Villalta, Fernando Dash, Chandravanu Pandhare, Jui |
author_sort | Dash, Sabyasachi |
collection | PubMed |
description | Over 1.2 million people in the United States are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Tremendous progress has been made over the past three decades on many fronts in the prevention and treatment of HIV-1 disease. However, HIV-1 infection is incurable and antiretroviral drugs continue to remain the only effective treatment option for HIV infected patients. Unfortunately, only three out of ten HIV-1 infected individuals in the US have the virus under control. Thus, majority of HIV-1 infected individuals in the US are either unaware of their infection status or not connected/retained to care or are non-adherent to antiretroviral therapy (ART). This national public health crisis, as well as the ongoing global HIV/AIDS pandemic, is further exacerbated by substance abuse, which serves as a powerful cofactor at every stage of HIV/AIDS including transmission, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment. Clinical studies indicate that substance abuse may increase viral load, accelerate disease progression and worsen AIDS-related mortality even among ART-adherent patients. However, confirming a direct causal link between substance abuse and HIV/AIDS in human patients remains a highly challenging endeavor. In this review we will discuss the recent and past developments in clinical and basic science research on the effects of cocaine abuse on HIV-1 pathogenesis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4611962 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-46119622015-11-04 Impact of cocaine abuse on HIV pathogenesis Dash, Sabyasachi Balasubramaniam, Muthukumar Villalta, Fernando Dash, Chandravanu Pandhare, Jui Front Microbiol Microbiology Over 1.2 million people in the United States are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Tremendous progress has been made over the past three decades on many fronts in the prevention and treatment of HIV-1 disease. However, HIV-1 infection is incurable and antiretroviral drugs continue to remain the only effective treatment option for HIV infected patients. Unfortunately, only three out of ten HIV-1 infected individuals in the US have the virus under control. Thus, majority of HIV-1 infected individuals in the US are either unaware of their infection status or not connected/retained to care or are non-adherent to antiretroviral therapy (ART). This national public health crisis, as well as the ongoing global HIV/AIDS pandemic, is further exacerbated by substance abuse, which serves as a powerful cofactor at every stage of HIV/AIDS including transmission, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment. Clinical studies indicate that substance abuse may increase viral load, accelerate disease progression and worsen AIDS-related mortality even among ART-adherent patients. However, confirming a direct causal link between substance abuse and HIV/AIDS in human patients remains a highly challenging endeavor. In this review we will discuss the recent and past developments in clinical and basic science research on the effects of cocaine abuse on HIV-1 pathogenesis. Frontiers Media S.A. 2015-10-20 /pmc/articles/PMC4611962/ /pubmed/26539167 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01111 Text en Copyright © 2015 Dash, Balasubramaniam, Villalta, Dash and Pandhare. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Dash, Sabyasachi Balasubramaniam, Muthukumar Villalta, Fernando Dash, Chandravanu Pandhare, Jui Impact of cocaine abuse on HIV pathogenesis |
title | Impact of cocaine abuse on HIV pathogenesis |
title_full | Impact of cocaine abuse on HIV pathogenesis |
title_fullStr | Impact of cocaine abuse on HIV pathogenesis |
title_full_unstemmed | Impact of cocaine abuse on HIV pathogenesis |
title_short | Impact of cocaine abuse on HIV pathogenesis |
title_sort | impact of cocaine abuse on hiv pathogenesis |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4611962/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26539167 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01111 |
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