Cargando…

Regeneration of Articular Cartilage in Lizard Knee from Resident Stem/Progenitor Cells

The epiphysis of femur and tibia in the lizard Podarcis muralis can extensively regenerate after injury. The process involves the articular cartilage and metaphyseal (growth) plate after damage. The secondary ossification center present between the articular cartilage and the growth plate is replace...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: Alibardi, Lorenzo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4613228/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26340619
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms160920731
_version_ 1782396238281310208
author Alibardi, Lorenzo
author_facet Alibardi, Lorenzo
author_sort Alibardi, Lorenzo
collection PubMed
description The epiphysis of femur and tibia in the lizard Podarcis muralis can extensively regenerate after injury. The process involves the articular cartilage and metaphyseal (growth) plate after damage. The secondary ossification center present between the articular cartilage and the growth plate is replaced by cartilaginous epiphyses after about one month of regeneration at high temperature. The present study analyzes the origin of the chondrogenic cells from putative stem cells located in the growing centers of the epiphyses. The study is carried out using immunocytochemistry for the detection of 5BrdU-labeled long retaining cells and for the localization of telomerase, an enzyme that indicates stemness. The observations show that putative stem cells retaining 5BrdU and positive for telomerase are present in the superficial articular cartilage and metaphyseal growth plate located in the epiphyses. This observation suggests that these areas represent stem cell niches lasting for most of the lifetime of lizards. In healthy long bones of adult lizards, the addition of new chondrocytes from the stem cells population in the articular cartilage and the metaphyseal growth plate likely allows for slow, continuous longitudinal growth. When the knee is injured in the adult lizard, new populations of chondrocytes actively producing chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan are derived from these stem cells to allow for the formation of completely new cartilaginous epiphyses, possibly anticipating the re-formation of secondary centers in later stages. The study suggests that in this lizard species, the regenerative ability of the epiphyses is a pre-adaptation to the regeneration of the articular cartilage.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-4613228
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2015
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-46132282015-10-26 Regeneration of Articular Cartilage in Lizard Knee from Resident Stem/Progenitor Cells Alibardi, Lorenzo Int J Mol Sci Article The epiphysis of femur and tibia in the lizard Podarcis muralis can extensively regenerate after injury. The process involves the articular cartilage and metaphyseal (growth) plate after damage. The secondary ossification center present between the articular cartilage and the growth plate is replaced by cartilaginous epiphyses after about one month of regeneration at high temperature. The present study analyzes the origin of the chondrogenic cells from putative stem cells located in the growing centers of the epiphyses. The study is carried out using immunocytochemistry for the detection of 5BrdU-labeled long retaining cells and for the localization of telomerase, an enzyme that indicates stemness. The observations show that putative stem cells retaining 5BrdU and positive for telomerase are present in the superficial articular cartilage and metaphyseal growth plate located in the epiphyses. This observation suggests that these areas represent stem cell niches lasting for most of the lifetime of lizards. In healthy long bones of adult lizards, the addition of new chondrocytes from the stem cells population in the articular cartilage and the metaphyseal growth plate likely allows for slow, continuous longitudinal growth. When the knee is injured in the adult lizard, new populations of chondrocytes actively producing chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan are derived from these stem cells to allow for the formation of completely new cartilaginous epiphyses, possibly anticipating the re-formation of secondary centers in later stages. The study suggests that in this lizard species, the regenerative ability of the epiphyses is a pre-adaptation to the regeneration of the articular cartilage. MDPI 2015-09-01 /pmc/articles/PMC4613228/ /pubmed/26340619 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms160920731 Text en © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Alibardi, Lorenzo
Regeneration of Articular Cartilage in Lizard Knee from Resident Stem/Progenitor Cells
title Regeneration of Articular Cartilage in Lizard Knee from Resident Stem/Progenitor Cells
title_full Regeneration of Articular Cartilage in Lizard Knee from Resident Stem/Progenitor Cells
title_fullStr Regeneration of Articular Cartilage in Lizard Knee from Resident Stem/Progenitor Cells
title_full_unstemmed Regeneration of Articular Cartilage in Lizard Knee from Resident Stem/Progenitor Cells
title_short Regeneration of Articular Cartilage in Lizard Knee from Resident Stem/Progenitor Cells
title_sort regeneration of articular cartilage in lizard knee from resident stem/progenitor cells
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4613228/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26340619
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms160920731
work_keys_str_mv AT alibardilorenzo regenerationofarticularcartilageinlizardkneefromresidentstemprogenitorcells