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KLLN epigenotype–phenotype associations in Cowden syndrome

Germline KLLN promoter hypermethylation was recently identified as a potential genetic etiology of the cancer predisposition syndrome, Cowden syndrome (CS), when no causal PTEN gene mutation was found. We screened for KLLN promoter methylation in a large prospective series of CS patients and determi...

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Autores principales: Nizialek, Emily A, Mester, Jessica L, Dhiman, Vineet K, Smiraglia, Dominic J, Eng, Charis
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4613489/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25669429
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2015.8
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author Nizialek, Emily A
Mester, Jessica L
Dhiman, Vineet K
Smiraglia, Dominic J
Eng, Charis
author_facet Nizialek, Emily A
Mester, Jessica L
Dhiman, Vineet K
Smiraglia, Dominic J
Eng, Charis
author_sort Nizialek, Emily A
collection PubMed
description Germline KLLN promoter hypermethylation was recently identified as a potential genetic etiology of the cancer predisposition syndrome, Cowden syndrome (CS), when no causal PTEN gene mutation was found. We screened for KLLN promoter methylation in a large prospective series of CS patients and determined the risk of benign and malignant CS features in patients with increased methylation both with and without a PTEN mutation/variant of unknown significance. In all, 1012 CS patients meeting relaxed International Cowden Consortium criteria including 261 PTEN mutation-positive CS patients, 187 PTEN variant-positive CS patients and 564 PTEN mutation-negative CS patients, as well as 111 population controls were assessed for germline KLLN promoter methylation by MassARRAY EpiTYPER analysis. KLLN promoter methylation was analyzed both as a continuous and a dichotomous variable in the calculation of phenotypic risks by stepwise logistic regression and Kaplan–Meier/standardized incidence ratio methods, respectively. Significantly increased KLLN promoter methylation was seen in CS individuals with and without a PTEN mutation/VUS compared with controls (P<0.001). Patients with high KLLN promoter methylation have increased risks of all CS-associated malignancies compared with the general population. Interestingly, KLLN-associated risk of thyroid cancer appears to be gender and PTEN status dependent. KLLN promoter methylation associated with different benign phenotypes dependent on PTEN status. Furthermore, increasing KLLN promoter methylation is associated with a greater phenotype burden in mutation-negative CS patients. Germline promoter hypermethylation of KLLN is associated with particular malignant and benign CS features, which is dependent on the PTEN mutation status.
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spelling pubmed-46134892015-11-02 KLLN epigenotype–phenotype associations in Cowden syndrome Nizialek, Emily A Mester, Jessica L Dhiman, Vineet K Smiraglia, Dominic J Eng, Charis Eur J Hum Genet Article Germline KLLN promoter hypermethylation was recently identified as a potential genetic etiology of the cancer predisposition syndrome, Cowden syndrome (CS), when no causal PTEN gene mutation was found. We screened for KLLN promoter methylation in a large prospective series of CS patients and determined the risk of benign and malignant CS features in patients with increased methylation both with and without a PTEN mutation/variant of unknown significance. In all, 1012 CS patients meeting relaxed International Cowden Consortium criteria including 261 PTEN mutation-positive CS patients, 187 PTEN variant-positive CS patients and 564 PTEN mutation-negative CS patients, as well as 111 population controls were assessed for germline KLLN promoter methylation by MassARRAY EpiTYPER analysis. KLLN promoter methylation was analyzed both as a continuous and a dichotomous variable in the calculation of phenotypic risks by stepwise logistic regression and Kaplan–Meier/standardized incidence ratio methods, respectively. Significantly increased KLLN promoter methylation was seen in CS individuals with and without a PTEN mutation/VUS compared with controls (P<0.001). Patients with high KLLN promoter methylation have increased risks of all CS-associated malignancies compared with the general population. Interestingly, KLLN-associated risk of thyroid cancer appears to be gender and PTEN status dependent. KLLN promoter methylation associated with different benign phenotypes dependent on PTEN status. Furthermore, increasing KLLN promoter methylation is associated with a greater phenotype burden in mutation-negative CS patients. Germline promoter hypermethylation of KLLN is associated with particular malignant and benign CS features, which is dependent on the PTEN mutation status. Nature Publishing Group 2015-10 2015-02-11 /pmc/articles/PMC4613489/ /pubmed/25669429 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2015.8 Text en Copyright © 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
spellingShingle Article
Nizialek, Emily A
Mester, Jessica L
Dhiman, Vineet K
Smiraglia, Dominic J
Eng, Charis
KLLN epigenotype–phenotype associations in Cowden syndrome
title KLLN epigenotype–phenotype associations in Cowden syndrome
title_full KLLN epigenotype–phenotype associations in Cowden syndrome
title_fullStr KLLN epigenotype–phenotype associations in Cowden syndrome
title_full_unstemmed KLLN epigenotype–phenotype associations in Cowden syndrome
title_short KLLN epigenotype–phenotype associations in Cowden syndrome
title_sort klln epigenotype–phenotype associations in cowden syndrome
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4613489/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25669429
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2015.8
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