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Two-subunit enzymes involved in eukaryotic post-transcriptional tRNA modification

tRNA modifications are crucial for efficient and accurate protein translation, with defects often linked to disease. There are 7 cytoplasmic tRNA modifications in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that are formed by an enzyme consisting of a catalytic subunit and an auxiliary protein, 5 of which re...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Guy, Michael P, Phizicky, Eric M
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Taylor & Francis 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4615748/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25625329
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15476286.2015.1008360
Descripción
Sumario:tRNA modifications are crucial for efficient and accurate protein translation, with defects often linked to disease. There are 7 cytoplasmic tRNA modifications in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that are formed by an enzyme consisting of a catalytic subunit and an auxiliary protein, 5 of which require only a single subunit in bacteria, and 2 of which are not found in bacteria. These enzymes include the deaminase Tad2-Tad3, and the methyltransferases Trm6-Trm61, Trm8-Trm82, Trm7-Trm732, and Trm7-Trm734, Trm9-Trm112, and Trm11-Trm112. We describe the occurrence and biological role of each modification, evidence for a required partner protein in S. cerevisiae and other eukaryotes, evidence for a single subunit in bacteria, and evidence for the role of the non-catalytic binding partner. Although it is unclear why these eukaryotic enzymes require partner proteins, studies of some 2-subunit modification enzymes suggest that the partner proteins help expand substrate range or allow integration of cellular activities.