Treatment of Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patient With Local Pulmonary Administration of Factor VIIa (rFVIIa): A Case Report

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a rare serious life-threatening complication in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated with a high mortality rate. The old standard treatment options include high-dose corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, and plasmapheresis, which are unspecific, treating the underlying disease rather than the complication itself, and not effective. We report a case of DAH complicating SLE flare-up in a female patient treated with recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) administered via the bronchoscope that showed clinical and radiological improvement. No toxicity or adverse events were observed with rFVII treatment. rFVII may be an effective treatment option for DAH in SLE patient.