Upregulated Expression of A20 on Monocytes is Associated With Increased Severity of Acute-on-Chronic Hepatitis B Liver Failure: A Case-Control Study

A20 expression is increased in various inflammatory diseases. However, the role of A20 in acute-on-chronic liver failure is unknown. This study was to evaluate A20 expression on monocytes and its associations with the severity of acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure (ACHBLF). Thirty-seven patients with ACHBLF, 20 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and 15 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled in this case-control study. A20-positive monocytes were identified using flow cytometry. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-12p70, and TNF-α were determined using bead cytometry. A20 and IL-10 expressions were examined in THP-1 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The frequency of A20(+) monocytes was significantly increased in patients with ACHBLF compared with HC (median [interquartile range, IQR]: 15.7 [22.8]% vs 2.5 [4.7]%, P < 0.001). Increased monocyte A20 expression was detected during the progression phase (including the mild/moderate and severe grades of ACHBLF) compared with patients in the recovery phase (both P < 0.05), and in the ACHBLF worsening group compared with patients in the improvement group (P < 0.001). LPS treatment upregulated A20 and IL-10 expressions in THP-1 cells. A20 expression on monocytes from patients with ACHBLF was positively correlated with total bilirubin (r = 0.60, P = 0.0001), direct bilirubin (r = 0.63, P < 0.0001), and MELD score (r = 0.43, P = 0.008), and inversely with prothrombin activity (r = −0.33, P = 0.046). IL-10 and TLR4 expression levels in monocytes, and serum levels of IL-10, IL-12p70, and TNF-α were increased in patients with ACHBLF compared with patients with CHB and HC. Increased A20 expression on monocytes was associated with the severity of ACHBLF.