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FTY720 (Fingolimod) sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cells to sorafenib-mediated cytotoxicity
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. The multityrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib is used in the therapy of advanced disease. However, the effects of sorafenib are limited, and combination treatments aiming at improved survival are encouraged...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4618642/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26516583 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prp2.171 |
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author | Ahmed, Dilruba de Verdier, Petra J Ryk, Charlotta Lunqe, Oscar Stål, Per Flygare, Jenny |
author_facet | Ahmed, Dilruba de Verdier, Petra J Ryk, Charlotta Lunqe, Oscar Stål, Per Flygare, Jenny |
author_sort | Ahmed, Dilruba |
collection | PubMed |
description | Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. The multityrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib is used in the therapy of advanced disease. However, the effects of sorafenib are limited, and combination treatments aiming at improved survival are encouraged. The sphingosine analog FTY720 (Fingolimod), which is approved for treatment of multiple sclerosis, has shown tumor suppressive effects in cell lines and animal models of HCC. In the present study, we combined sorafenib with FTY720 in order to sensitize the HCC cell lines Huh7 and HepG2 to sorafenib treatment. Using the XTT assay we show that noncytotoxic doses of FTY720 synergistically enhanced the decrease in viability caused by treatment of both cell lines with increasing doses of sorafenib. Further studies in Huh7 revealed that combined treatment with FTY720 and sorafenib resulted in G1 arrest and enhanced cell death measured using flow cytometry analysis of cells labeled with propidium iodide (PI)/Annexin-V and PI and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole-staining of nuclei. In addition, signs of both caspase-dependent and – independent apoptosis were observed, as cotreatment with FTY720 and sorafenib caused cytochrome c release and poly-ADP ribose polymerase-cleavage as well as translocation of Apoptosis-inducing factor into the cytosol. We also detected features of autophagy blockage, as the protein levels of LC3-II and p62 were affected by combined treatment with FTY720 and sorafenib. Together, our results suggest that FTY720 sensitizes HCC cells to cytotoxic effects induced by treatment with sorafenib alone. These findings warrant further investigations of combined treatment with sorafenib and FTY720 in vivo in order to develop more effective treatment of HCC. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4618642 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | John Wiley & Sons, Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-46186422015-10-29 FTY720 (Fingolimod) sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cells to sorafenib-mediated cytotoxicity Ahmed, Dilruba de Verdier, Petra J Ryk, Charlotta Lunqe, Oscar Stål, Per Flygare, Jenny Pharmacol Res Perspect Original Articles Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. The multityrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib is used in the therapy of advanced disease. However, the effects of sorafenib are limited, and combination treatments aiming at improved survival are encouraged. The sphingosine analog FTY720 (Fingolimod), which is approved for treatment of multiple sclerosis, has shown tumor suppressive effects in cell lines and animal models of HCC. In the present study, we combined sorafenib with FTY720 in order to sensitize the HCC cell lines Huh7 and HepG2 to sorafenib treatment. Using the XTT assay we show that noncytotoxic doses of FTY720 synergistically enhanced the decrease in viability caused by treatment of both cell lines with increasing doses of sorafenib. Further studies in Huh7 revealed that combined treatment with FTY720 and sorafenib resulted in G1 arrest and enhanced cell death measured using flow cytometry analysis of cells labeled with propidium iodide (PI)/Annexin-V and PI and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole-staining of nuclei. In addition, signs of both caspase-dependent and – independent apoptosis were observed, as cotreatment with FTY720 and sorafenib caused cytochrome c release and poly-ADP ribose polymerase-cleavage as well as translocation of Apoptosis-inducing factor into the cytosol. We also detected features of autophagy blockage, as the protein levels of LC3-II and p62 were affected by combined treatment with FTY720 and sorafenib. Together, our results suggest that FTY720 sensitizes HCC cells to cytotoxic effects induced by treatment with sorafenib alone. These findings warrant further investigations of combined treatment with sorafenib and FTY720 in vivo in order to develop more effective treatment of HCC. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 2015-10 2015-08-19 /pmc/articles/PMC4618642/ /pubmed/26516583 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prp2.171 Text en © 2015 The Authors. Pharmacology Research & Perspectives published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd, British Pharmacological Society and American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. |
spellingShingle | Original Articles Ahmed, Dilruba de Verdier, Petra J Ryk, Charlotta Lunqe, Oscar Stål, Per Flygare, Jenny FTY720 (Fingolimod) sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cells to sorafenib-mediated cytotoxicity |
title | FTY720 (Fingolimod) sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cells to sorafenib-mediated cytotoxicity |
title_full | FTY720 (Fingolimod) sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cells to sorafenib-mediated cytotoxicity |
title_fullStr | FTY720 (Fingolimod) sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cells to sorafenib-mediated cytotoxicity |
title_full_unstemmed | FTY720 (Fingolimod) sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cells to sorafenib-mediated cytotoxicity |
title_short | FTY720 (Fingolimod) sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cells to sorafenib-mediated cytotoxicity |
title_sort | fty720 (fingolimod) sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cells to sorafenib-mediated cytotoxicity |
topic | Original Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4618642/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26516583 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prp2.171 |
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