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Antioxidant, antibacterial activity, and phytochemical characterization of Melaleuca cajuputi extract

BACKGROUND: The threat posed by drug-resistant pathogens has resulted in the increasing momentum in research and development for effective alternative medications. The antioxidant and antibacterial properties of phytochemical extracts makes them attractive alternative complementary medicines. Theref...

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Autores principales: Al-Abd, Nazeh M., Mohamed Nor, Zurainee, Mansor, Marzida, Azhar, Fadzly, Hasan, M. S., Kassim, Mustafa
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4619549/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26497742
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-015-0914-y
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author Al-Abd, Nazeh M.
Mohamed Nor, Zurainee
Mansor, Marzida
Azhar, Fadzly
Hasan, M. S.
Kassim, Mustafa
author_facet Al-Abd, Nazeh M.
Mohamed Nor, Zurainee
Mansor, Marzida
Azhar, Fadzly
Hasan, M. S.
Kassim, Mustafa
author_sort Al-Abd, Nazeh M.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The threat posed by drug-resistant pathogens has resulted in the increasing momentum in research and development for effective alternative medications. The antioxidant and antibacterial properties of phytochemical extracts makes them attractive alternative complementary medicines. Therefore, this study evaluated the phytochemical constituents of Melaleuca cajuputi flower and leaf (GF and GL, respectively) extracts and their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. METHODS: Radical scavenging capacity of the extracts was estimated using 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and Fe(2+)-chelating activity. Total antioxidant activity was determined using ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. Well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum bactericidal concentration assays were used to determine antibacterial activity against eight pathogens, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Pasteurella multocida. We identified and quantified the phytochemical constituents in methanol extracts using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and gas chromatography (GC)/MS. RESULTS: This study reports the antioxidant and radical scavenging activity of M. cajuputi methanolic extracts. The GF extract showed better efficacy than that of the GL extract. The total phenolic contents were higher in the flower extract than they were in the leaf extract (0.55 ± 0.05 and 0.37 ± 0.05 gallic acid equivalent per mg extract dry weight, respectively). As expected, the percentage radical inhibition by GF was higher than that by the GL extract (81 and 75 %, respectively). A similar trend was observed in Fe(2+)-chelating activity and β-carotene bleaching tests. The antibacterial assay of the extracts revealed no inhibition zones with the Gram-negative bacteria tested. However, the extracts demonstrated activity against B. cereus, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we found that M. cajuputi extracts possess antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The results revealed that both extracts had significant antioxidant and free radical-scavenging activity. Both extracts had antibacterial activity against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and B. cereus. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities could be attributed to high flavonoid and phenolic contents identified using GC/MS and LC/MS. Therefore, M. cajuputi could be an excellent source for natural antioxidant and antibacterial agents for medical and nutraceutical applications.
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spelling pubmed-46195492015-10-26 Antioxidant, antibacterial activity, and phytochemical characterization of Melaleuca cajuputi extract Al-Abd, Nazeh M. Mohamed Nor, Zurainee Mansor, Marzida Azhar, Fadzly Hasan, M. S. Kassim, Mustafa BMC Complement Altern Med Research Article BACKGROUND: The threat posed by drug-resistant pathogens has resulted in the increasing momentum in research and development for effective alternative medications. The antioxidant and antibacterial properties of phytochemical extracts makes them attractive alternative complementary medicines. Therefore, this study evaluated the phytochemical constituents of Melaleuca cajuputi flower and leaf (GF and GL, respectively) extracts and their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. METHODS: Radical scavenging capacity of the extracts was estimated using 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and Fe(2+)-chelating activity. Total antioxidant activity was determined using ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. Well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum bactericidal concentration assays were used to determine antibacterial activity against eight pathogens, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Pasteurella multocida. We identified and quantified the phytochemical constituents in methanol extracts using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and gas chromatography (GC)/MS. RESULTS: This study reports the antioxidant and radical scavenging activity of M. cajuputi methanolic extracts. The GF extract showed better efficacy than that of the GL extract. The total phenolic contents were higher in the flower extract than they were in the leaf extract (0.55 ± 0.05 and 0.37 ± 0.05 gallic acid equivalent per mg extract dry weight, respectively). As expected, the percentage radical inhibition by GF was higher than that by the GL extract (81 and 75 %, respectively). A similar trend was observed in Fe(2+)-chelating activity and β-carotene bleaching tests. The antibacterial assay of the extracts revealed no inhibition zones with the Gram-negative bacteria tested. However, the extracts demonstrated activity against B. cereus, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we found that M. cajuputi extracts possess antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The results revealed that both extracts had significant antioxidant and free radical-scavenging activity. Both extracts had antibacterial activity against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and B. cereus. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities could be attributed to high flavonoid and phenolic contents identified using GC/MS and LC/MS. Therefore, M. cajuputi could be an excellent source for natural antioxidant and antibacterial agents for medical and nutraceutical applications. BioMed Central 2015-10-24 /pmc/articles/PMC4619549/ /pubmed/26497742 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-015-0914-y Text en © Al-Abd et al. 2015 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Al-Abd, Nazeh M.
Mohamed Nor, Zurainee
Mansor, Marzida
Azhar, Fadzly
Hasan, M. S.
Kassim, Mustafa
Antioxidant, antibacterial activity, and phytochemical characterization of Melaleuca cajuputi extract
title Antioxidant, antibacterial activity, and phytochemical characterization of Melaleuca cajuputi extract
title_full Antioxidant, antibacterial activity, and phytochemical characterization of Melaleuca cajuputi extract
title_fullStr Antioxidant, antibacterial activity, and phytochemical characterization of Melaleuca cajuputi extract
title_full_unstemmed Antioxidant, antibacterial activity, and phytochemical characterization of Melaleuca cajuputi extract
title_short Antioxidant, antibacterial activity, and phytochemical characterization of Melaleuca cajuputi extract
title_sort antioxidant, antibacterial activity, and phytochemical characterization of melaleuca cajuputi extract
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4619549/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26497742
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-015-0914-y
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