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Unraveling Health Risk and Speciation of Arsenic from Groundwater in Rural Areas of Punjab, Pakistan
This study determined the total and speciated arsenic (As) concentrations and other health-related water quality parameters for unraveling the health risk of As from drinking water to humans. Groundwater samples (n = 62) were collected from three previously unexplored rural areas (Chichawatni, Vehar...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4626974/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26445051 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121012371 |
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author | Shakoor, Muhammad Bilal Niazi, Nabeel Khan Bibi, Irshad Rahman, Mohammad Mahmudur Naidu, Ravi Dong, Zhaomin Shahid, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad |
author_facet | Shakoor, Muhammad Bilal Niazi, Nabeel Khan Bibi, Irshad Rahman, Mohammad Mahmudur Naidu, Ravi Dong, Zhaomin Shahid, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad |
author_sort | Shakoor, Muhammad Bilal |
collection | PubMed |
description | This study determined the total and speciated arsenic (As) concentrations and other health-related water quality parameters for unraveling the health risk of As from drinking water to humans. Groundwater samples (n = 62) were collected from three previously unexplored rural areas (Chichawatni, Vehari, Rahim Yar Khan) of Punjab in Pakistan. The mean and median As concentrations in groundwater were 37.9 and 12.7 µg·L(−1) (range = 1.5–201 µg·L(−1)). Fifty three percent groundwater samples showed higher As value than WHO safe limit of 10 µg·L(−1). Speciation of As in groundwater samples (n = 13) showed the presence of inorganic As only; arsenite (As(III)) constituted 13%–67% of total As and arsenate (As(V)) ranged from 33% to 100%. For As health risk assessment, the hazard quotient and cancer risk values were 11–18 and 46–600 times higher than the recommended values of US-EPA (i.e., 1.00 and 10(−6), respectively). In addition to As, various water quality parameters (e.g., electrical conductivity, Na, Ca, Cl(−), NO(3)(−), SO(4)(2−), Fe, Mn, Pb) also enhanced the health risk. The results show that consumption of As-contaminated groundwater poses an emerging health threat to the communities in the study area, and hence needs urgent remedial and management measures. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4626974 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-46269742015-11-12 Unraveling Health Risk and Speciation of Arsenic from Groundwater in Rural Areas of Punjab, Pakistan Shakoor, Muhammad Bilal Niazi, Nabeel Khan Bibi, Irshad Rahman, Mohammad Mahmudur Naidu, Ravi Dong, Zhaomin Shahid, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Int J Environ Res Public Health Article This study determined the total and speciated arsenic (As) concentrations and other health-related water quality parameters for unraveling the health risk of As from drinking water to humans. Groundwater samples (n = 62) were collected from three previously unexplored rural areas (Chichawatni, Vehari, Rahim Yar Khan) of Punjab in Pakistan. The mean and median As concentrations in groundwater were 37.9 and 12.7 µg·L(−1) (range = 1.5–201 µg·L(−1)). Fifty three percent groundwater samples showed higher As value than WHO safe limit of 10 µg·L(−1). Speciation of As in groundwater samples (n = 13) showed the presence of inorganic As only; arsenite (As(III)) constituted 13%–67% of total As and arsenate (As(V)) ranged from 33% to 100%. For As health risk assessment, the hazard quotient and cancer risk values were 11–18 and 46–600 times higher than the recommended values of US-EPA (i.e., 1.00 and 10(−6), respectively). In addition to As, various water quality parameters (e.g., electrical conductivity, Na, Ca, Cl(−), NO(3)(−), SO(4)(2−), Fe, Mn, Pb) also enhanced the health risk. The results show that consumption of As-contaminated groundwater poses an emerging health threat to the communities in the study area, and hence needs urgent remedial and management measures. MDPI 2015-10-05 2015-10 /pmc/articles/PMC4626974/ /pubmed/26445051 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121012371 Text en © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Shakoor, Muhammad Bilal Niazi, Nabeel Khan Bibi, Irshad Rahman, Mohammad Mahmudur Naidu, Ravi Dong, Zhaomin Shahid, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Unraveling Health Risk and Speciation of Arsenic from Groundwater in Rural Areas of Punjab, Pakistan |
title | Unraveling Health Risk and Speciation of Arsenic from Groundwater in Rural Areas of Punjab, Pakistan |
title_full | Unraveling Health Risk and Speciation of Arsenic from Groundwater in Rural Areas of Punjab, Pakistan |
title_fullStr | Unraveling Health Risk and Speciation of Arsenic from Groundwater in Rural Areas of Punjab, Pakistan |
title_full_unstemmed | Unraveling Health Risk and Speciation of Arsenic from Groundwater in Rural Areas of Punjab, Pakistan |
title_short | Unraveling Health Risk and Speciation of Arsenic from Groundwater in Rural Areas of Punjab, Pakistan |
title_sort | unraveling health risk and speciation of arsenic from groundwater in rural areas of punjab, pakistan |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4626974/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26445051 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121012371 |
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