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Association between inflammatory airway disease of horses and exposure to respiratory viruses: a case control study

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory airway disease (IAD) in horses, similar to asthma in humans, is a common cause of chronic poor respiratory health and exercise intolerance due to airway inflammation and exaggerated airway constrictive responses. Human rhinovirus is an important trigger for the development o...

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Autores principales: Houtsma, Ashley, Bedenice, Daniela, Pusterla, Nicola, Pugliese, Brenna, Mapes, Samantha, Hoffman, Andrew M, Paxson, Julia, Rozanski, Elizabeth, Mukherjee, Jean, Wigley, Margaret, Mazan, Melissa R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630835/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26535117
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40248-015-0030-3
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author Houtsma, Ashley
Bedenice, Daniela
Pusterla, Nicola
Pugliese, Brenna
Mapes, Samantha
Hoffman, Andrew M
Paxson, Julia
Rozanski, Elizabeth
Mukherjee, Jean
Wigley, Margaret
Mazan, Melissa R.
author_facet Houtsma, Ashley
Bedenice, Daniela
Pusterla, Nicola
Pugliese, Brenna
Mapes, Samantha
Hoffman, Andrew M
Paxson, Julia
Rozanski, Elizabeth
Mukherjee, Jean
Wigley, Margaret
Mazan, Melissa R.
author_sort Houtsma, Ashley
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Inflammatory airway disease (IAD) in horses, similar to asthma in humans, is a common cause of chronic poor respiratory health and exercise intolerance due to airway inflammation and exaggerated airway constrictive responses. Human rhinovirus is an important trigger for the development of asthma; a similar role for viral respiratory disease in equine IAD has not been established yet. METHODS: In a case–control study, horses with IAD (n = 24) were compared to control animals from comparable stabling environments (n = 14). Horses were classified using pulmonary function testing and bronchoalveolar lavage. PCR for equine rhinitis virus A and B (ERAV, ERBV), influenza virus (EIV), and herpesviruses 2, 4, and 5 (EHV-2, EHV-4, EHV-5) was performed on nasal swab, buffy coat from whole blood, and cells from BAL fluid (BALF), and serology were performed. Categorical variables were compared between IAD and control using Fisher’s exact test; continuous variables were compared with an independent t-test. For all analyses, a value of P <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: There was a significant association between diagnosis of IAD and history of cough (P = 0.001) and exercise intolerance (P = 0.003) but not between nasal discharge and IAD. Horses with IAD were significantly more likely to have a positive titer to ERAV (68 %) vs. control horses (32 %). Horses with IAD had higher log-transformed titers to ERAV than did controls (2.28 ± 0.18 v.1.50 ± 0.25, P = 0.038). There was a significant association between nasal shedding (positive PCR) of EHV-2 and diagnosis of IAD (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: IAD remains a persistent problem in the equine population and has strong similarities to the human disease, asthma, for which viral infection is an important trigger. The association between viral respiratory infection and development or exacerbation of IAD in this study suggests that viral infection may contribute to IAD susceptibility; there is, therefore, merit in further investigation into the relationship between respiratory virus exposure and development of IAD.
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spelling pubmed-46308352015-11-03 Association between inflammatory airway disease of horses and exposure to respiratory viruses: a case control study Houtsma, Ashley Bedenice, Daniela Pusterla, Nicola Pugliese, Brenna Mapes, Samantha Hoffman, Andrew M Paxson, Julia Rozanski, Elizabeth Mukherjee, Jean Wigley, Margaret Mazan, Melissa R. Multidiscip Respir Med Original Research Article BACKGROUND: Inflammatory airway disease (IAD) in horses, similar to asthma in humans, is a common cause of chronic poor respiratory health and exercise intolerance due to airway inflammation and exaggerated airway constrictive responses. Human rhinovirus is an important trigger for the development of asthma; a similar role for viral respiratory disease in equine IAD has not been established yet. METHODS: In a case–control study, horses with IAD (n = 24) were compared to control animals from comparable stabling environments (n = 14). Horses were classified using pulmonary function testing and bronchoalveolar lavage. PCR for equine rhinitis virus A and B (ERAV, ERBV), influenza virus (EIV), and herpesviruses 2, 4, and 5 (EHV-2, EHV-4, EHV-5) was performed on nasal swab, buffy coat from whole blood, and cells from BAL fluid (BALF), and serology were performed. Categorical variables were compared between IAD and control using Fisher’s exact test; continuous variables were compared with an independent t-test. For all analyses, a value of P <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: There was a significant association between diagnosis of IAD and history of cough (P = 0.001) and exercise intolerance (P = 0.003) but not between nasal discharge and IAD. Horses with IAD were significantly more likely to have a positive titer to ERAV (68 %) vs. control horses (32 %). Horses with IAD had higher log-transformed titers to ERAV than did controls (2.28 ± 0.18 v.1.50 ± 0.25, P = 0.038). There was a significant association between nasal shedding (positive PCR) of EHV-2 and diagnosis of IAD (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: IAD remains a persistent problem in the equine population and has strong similarities to the human disease, asthma, for which viral infection is an important trigger. The association between viral respiratory infection and development or exacerbation of IAD in this study suggests that viral infection may contribute to IAD susceptibility; there is, therefore, merit in further investigation into the relationship between respiratory virus exposure and development of IAD. BioMed Central 2015-11-03 /pmc/articles/PMC4630835/ /pubmed/26535117 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40248-015-0030-3 Text en © Houtsma et al. 2015 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Original Research Article
Houtsma, Ashley
Bedenice, Daniela
Pusterla, Nicola
Pugliese, Brenna
Mapes, Samantha
Hoffman, Andrew M
Paxson, Julia
Rozanski, Elizabeth
Mukherjee, Jean
Wigley, Margaret
Mazan, Melissa R.
Association between inflammatory airway disease of horses and exposure to respiratory viruses: a case control study
title Association between inflammatory airway disease of horses and exposure to respiratory viruses: a case control study
title_full Association between inflammatory airway disease of horses and exposure to respiratory viruses: a case control study
title_fullStr Association between inflammatory airway disease of horses and exposure to respiratory viruses: a case control study
title_full_unstemmed Association between inflammatory airway disease of horses and exposure to respiratory viruses: a case control study
title_short Association between inflammatory airway disease of horses and exposure to respiratory viruses: a case control study
title_sort association between inflammatory airway disease of horses and exposure to respiratory viruses: a case control study
topic Original Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630835/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26535117
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40248-015-0030-3
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