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Assessing the HIV-1 Epidemic in Brazilian Drug Users: A Molecular Epidemiology Approach

Person who inject illicit substances have an important role in HIV-1 blood and sexual transmission and together with person who uses heavy non-injecting drugs may have less than optimal adherence to anti-retroviral treatment and eventually could transmit resistant HIV variants. Unfortunately, molecu...

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Autores principales: Guimarães, Monick Lindenmeyer, Marques, Bianca Cristina Leires, Bertoni, Neilane, Teixeira, Sylvia Lopes Maia, Morgado, Mariza Gonçalves, Bastos, Francisco Inácio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4633026/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26536040
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141372
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author Guimarães, Monick Lindenmeyer
Marques, Bianca Cristina Leires
Bertoni, Neilane
Teixeira, Sylvia Lopes Maia
Morgado, Mariza Gonçalves
Bastos, Francisco Inácio
author_facet Guimarães, Monick Lindenmeyer
Marques, Bianca Cristina Leires
Bertoni, Neilane
Teixeira, Sylvia Lopes Maia
Morgado, Mariza Gonçalves
Bastos, Francisco Inácio
author_sort Guimarães, Monick Lindenmeyer
collection PubMed
description Person who inject illicit substances have an important role in HIV-1 blood and sexual transmission and together with person who uses heavy non-injecting drugs may have less than optimal adherence to anti-retroviral treatment and eventually could transmit resistant HIV variants. Unfortunately, molecular biology data on such key population remain fragmentary in most low and middle-income countries. The aim of the present study was to assess HIV infection rates, evaluate HIV-1 genetic diversity, drug resistance, and to identify HIV transmission clusters in heavy drug users (DUs). For this purpose, DUs were recruited in the context of a Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS) study in different Brazilian cities during 2009. Overall, 2,812 individuals were tested for HIV, and 168 (6%) of them were positive, of which 19 (11.3%) were classified as recent seroconverters, corresponding to an estimated incidence rate of 1.58%/year (95% CI 0.92–2.43%). Neighbor joining phylogenetic trees from env and pol regions and bootscan analyses were employed to subtype the virus from132 HIV-1-infected individuals. HIV-1 subtype B was prevalent in most of the cities under analysis, followed by BF recombinants (9%-35%). HIV-1 subtype C was the most prevalent in Curitiba (46%) and Itajaí (86%) and was also detected in Brasília (9%) and Campo Grande (20%). Pure HIV-1F infections were detected in Rio de Janeiro (9%), Recife (6%), Salvador (6%) and Brasília (9%). Clusters of HIV transmission were assessed by Maximum likelihood analyses and were cross-compared with the RDS network structure. Drug resistance mutations were verified in 12.2% of DUs. Our findings reinforce the importance of the permanent HIV-1 surveillance in distinct Brazilian cities due to viral resistance and increasing subtype heterogeneity all over Brazil, with relevant implications in terms of treatment monitoring, prophylaxis and vaccine development.
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spelling pubmed-46330262015-11-13 Assessing the HIV-1 Epidemic in Brazilian Drug Users: A Molecular Epidemiology Approach Guimarães, Monick Lindenmeyer Marques, Bianca Cristina Leires Bertoni, Neilane Teixeira, Sylvia Lopes Maia Morgado, Mariza Gonçalves Bastos, Francisco Inácio PLoS One Research Article Person who inject illicit substances have an important role in HIV-1 blood and sexual transmission and together with person who uses heavy non-injecting drugs may have less than optimal adherence to anti-retroviral treatment and eventually could transmit resistant HIV variants. Unfortunately, molecular biology data on such key population remain fragmentary in most low and middle-income countries. The aim of the present study was to assess HIV infection rates, evaluate HIV-1 genetic diversity, drug resistance, and to identify HIV transmission clusters in heavy drug users (DUs). For this purpose, DUs were recruited in the context of a Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS) study in different Brazilian cities during 2009. Overall, 2,812 individuals were tested for HIV, and 168 (6%) of them were positive, of which 19 (11.3%) were classified as recent seroconverters, corresponding to an estimated incidence rate of 1.58%/year (95% CI 0.92–2.43%). Neighbor joining phylogenetic trees from env and pol regions and bootscan analyses were employed to subtype the virus from132 HIV-1-infected individuals. HIV-1 subtype B was prevalent in most of the cities under analysis, followed by BF recombinants (9%-35%). HIV-1 subtype C was the most prevalent in Curitiba (46%) and Itajaí (86%) and was also detected in Brasília (9%) and Campo Grande (20%). Pure HIV-1F infections were detected in Rio de Janeiro (9%), Recife (6%), Salvador (6%) and Brasília (9%). Clusters of HIV transmission were assessed by Maximum likelihood analyses and were cross-compared with the RDS network structure. Drug resistance mutations were verified in 12.2% of DUs. Our findings reinforce the importance of the permanent HIV-1 surveillance in distinct Brazilian cities due to viral resistance and increasing subtype heterogeneity all over Brazil, with relevant implications in terms of treatment monitoring, prophylaxis and vaccine development. Public Library of Science 2015-11-04 /pmc/articles/PMC4633026/ /pubmed/26536040 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141372 Text en © 2015 Guimarães et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Guimarães, Monick Lindenmeyer
Marques, Bianca Cristina Leires
Bertoni, Neilane
Teixeira, Sylvia Lopes Maia
Morgado, Mariza Gonçalves
Bastos, Francisco Inácio
Assessing the HIV-1 Epidemic in Brazilian Drug Users: A Molecular Epidemiology Approach
title Assessing the HIV-1 Epidemic in Brazilian Drug Users: A Molecular Epidemiology Approach
title_full Assessing the HIV-1 Epidemic in Brazilian Drug Users: A Molecular Epidemiology Approach
title_fullStr Assessing the HIV-1 Epidemic in Brazilian Drug Users: A Molecular Epidemiology Approach
title_full_unstemmed Assessing the HIV-1 Epidemic in Brazilian Drug Users: A Molecular Epidemiology Approach
title_short Assessing the HIV-1 Epidemic in Brazilian Drug Users: A Molecular Epidemiology Approach
title_sort assessing the hiv-1 epidemic in brazilian drug users: a molecular epidemiology approach
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4633026/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26536040
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141372
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