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HIV Vaccine: Recent Advances, Current Roadblocks, and Future Directions

HIV/AIDS is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In spite of successful interventions and treatment protocols, an HIV vaccine would be the ultimate prevention and control strategy. Ever since identification of HIV/AIDS, there have been meticulous efforts for vaccine development. The...

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Autores principales: Rubens, Muni, Ramamoorthy, Venkataraghavan, Saxena, Anshul, Shehadeh, Nancy, Appunni, Sandeep
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4633685/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26579546
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/560347
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author Rubens, Muni
Ramamoorthy, Venkataraghavan
Saxena, Anshul
Shehadeh, Nancy
Appunni, Sandeep
author_facet Rubens, Muni
Ramamoorthy, Venkataraghavan
Saxena, Anshul
Shehadeh, Nancy
Appunni, Sandeep
author_sort Rubens, Muni
collection PubMed
description HIV/AIDS is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In spite of successful interventions and treatment protocols, an HIV vaccine would be the ultimate prevention and control strategy. Ever since identification of HIV/AIDS, there have been meticulous efforts for vaccine development. The specific aim of this paper is to review recent vaccine efficacy trials and associated advancements and discuss the current challenges and future directions. Recombinant DNA technologies greatly facilitated development of many viral products which were later incorporated into vectors for effective vaccines. Over the years, a number of scientific approaches have gained popularity and include the induction of neutralizing antibodies in late 1980s, induction of CD8 T cell in early 1990s, and combination approaches currently. Scientists have hypothesized that stimulation of right sequences of somatic hypermutations could induce broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) capable of effective neutralization and viral elimination. Studies have shown that a number of host and viral factors affect these processes. Similarly, eliciting specific CD8 T cells immune responses through DNA vaccines hold future promises. In summary, future studies should focus on the continuous fight between host immune responses and ever-evasive viral factors for effective vaccines.
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spelling pubmed-46336852015-11-17 HIV Vaccine: Recent Advances, Current Roadblocks, and Future Directions Rubens, Muni Ramamoorthy, Venkataraghavan Saxena, Anshul Shehadeh, Nancy Appunni, Sandeep J Immunol Res Review Article HIV/AIDS is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In spite of successful interventions and treatment protocols, an HIV vaccine would be the ultimate prevention and control strategy. Ever since identification of HIV/AIDS, there have been meticulous efforts for vaccine development. The specific aim of this paper is to review recent vaccine efficacy trials and associated advancements and discuss the current challenges and future directions. Recombinant DNA technologies greatly facilitated development of many viral products which were later incorporated into vectors for effective vaccines. Over the years, a number of scientific approaches have gained popularity and include the induction of neutralizing antibodies in late 1980s, induction of CD8 T cell in early 1990s, and combination approaches currently. Scientists have hypothesized that stimulation of right sequences of somatic hypermutations could induce broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) capable of effective neutralization and viral elimination. Studies have shown that a number of host and viral factors affect these processes. Similarly, eliciting specific CD8 T cells immune responses through DNA vaccines hold future promises. In summary, future studies should focus on the continuous fight between host immune responses and ever-evasive viral factors for effective vaccines. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015 2015-10-22 /pmc/articles/PMC4633685/ /pubmed/26579546 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/560347 Text en Copyright © 2015 Muni Rubens et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Rubens, Muni
Ramamoorthy, Venkataraghavan
Saxena, Anshul
Shehadeh, Nancy
Appunni, Sandeep
HIV Vaccine: Recent Advances, Current Roadblocks, and Future Directions
title HIV Vaccine: Recent Advances, Current Roadblocks, and Future Directions
title_full HIV Vaccine: Recent Advances, Current Roadblocks, and Future Directions
title_fullStr HIV Vaccine: Recent Advances, Current Roadblocks, and Future Directions
title_full_unstemmed HIV Vaccine: Recent Advances, Current Roadblocks, and Future Directions
title_short HIV Vaccine: Recent Advances, Current Roadblocks, and Future Directions
title_sort hiv vaccine: recent advances, current roadblocks, and future directions
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4633685/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26579546
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/560347
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