Cargando…
A Review of the Ingredients Contained in Over the Counter (OTC) Cough Syrup Formulations in Kenya. Are They Harmful to Infants?
BACKGROUND: Cough syrups are widely used in the developing world, but safety of their use in infants and children less than two years has not been well documented. Some syrups contain multiple combinations of such drugs as promethazine, diphenhydramine and ephedrine; which are individually now contr...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2015
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4634956/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26540251 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142092 |
_version_ | 1782399446633414656 |
---|---|
author | Kigen, Gabriel Busakhala, Naftali Ogaro, Francis Chesire, Emily Saat, Nathan Too, Robert Nyandiko, Winstone |
author_facet | Kigen, Gabriel Busakhala, Naftali Ogaro, Francis Chesire, Emily Saat, Nathan Too, Robert Nyandiko, Winstone |
author_sort | Kigen, Gabriel |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Cough syrups are widely used in the developing world, but safety of their use in infants and children less than two years has not been well documented. Some syrups contain multiple combinations of such drugs as promethazine, diphenhydramine and ephedrine; which are individually now contraindicated in children less than two years. Despite this, the syrups are available as over the counter drugs and may be dispensed to mothers who are unaware of the potentially hazardous effects to their infants. A descriptive cross-sectional study was used to investigate suitability of cough syrups sold within Eldoret municipality for use in children less than two years of age based on their formulations and available literature. METHODS: Two semi-structured questionnaires were administered to pharmacy attendants and mothers attending sick child clinic at a referral hospital to establish whether cough syrups containing more than one active ingredient of compounds, now contraindicated in children are administered to infants, and awareness of potential serious adverse effects. Data from labeled contents of cough syrups from retail pharmacies was recorded and corroborated with information from literature to determine those deemed to contain the ingredients. The second questionnaire was administered to mothers with children less than two years to ascertain whether they had used the identified syrups. A total of 260 mothers and 55 pharmacy attendants were interviewed. RESULTS: There was widespread use of the syrups in children, including infants, with 192 (74%) of the respondents having used identified syrups and over 90% of these on children less than 2 years including those less than three months.146 (76%) mothers had administered the syrup at double the recommended dose. CONCLUSION: The regulatory authorities should make concerted efforts to discourage use of cough syrups containing ingredients that pose adverse events to infants, including campaigns to educate pharmacy workers and mothers. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4634956 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-46349562015-11-13 A Review of the Ingredients Contained in Over the Counter (OTC) Cough Syrup Formulations in Kenya. Are They Harmful to Infants? Kigen, Gabriel Busakhala, Naftali Ogaro, Francis Chesire, Emily Saat, Nathan Too, Robert Nyandiko, Winstone PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Cough syrups are widely used in the developing world, but safety of their use in infants and children less than two years has not been well documented. Some syrups contain multiple combinations of such drugs as promethazine, diphenhydramine and ephedrine; which are individually now contraindicated in children less than two years. Despite this, the syrups are available as over the counter drugs and may be dispensed to mothers who are unaware of the potentially hazardous effects to their infants. A descriptive cross-sectional study was used to investigate suitability of cough syrups sold within Eldoret municipality for use in children less than two years of age based on their formulations and available literature. METHODS: Two semi-structured questionnaires were administered to pharmacy attendants and mothers attending sick child clinic at a referral hospital to establish whether cough syrups containing more than one active ingredient of compounds, now contraindicated in children are administered to infants, and awareness of potential serious adverse effects. Data from labeled contents of cough syrups from retail pharmacies was recorded and corroborated with information from literature to determine those deemed to contain the ingredients. The second questionnaire was administered to mothers with children less than two years to ascertain whether they had used the identified syrups. A total of 260 mothers and 55 pharmacy attendants were interviewed. RESULTS: There was widespread use of the syrups in children, including infants, with 192 (74%) of the respondents having used identified syrups and over 90% of these on children less than 2 years including those less than three months.146 (76%) mothers had administered the syrup at double the recommended dose. CONCLUSION: The regulatory authorities should make concerted efforts to discourage use of cough syrups containing ingredients that pose adverse events to infants, including campaigns to educate pharmacy workers and mothers. Public Library of Science 2015-11-05 /pmc/articles/PMC4634956/ /pubmed/26540251 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142092 Text en © 2015 Kigen et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Kigen, Gabriel Busakhala, Naftali Ogaro, Francis Chesire, Emily Saat, Nathan Too, Robert Nyandiko, Winstone A Review of the Ingredients Contained in Over the Counter (OTC) Cough Syrup Formulations in Kenya. Are They Harmful to Infants? |
title | A Review of the Ingredients Contained in Over the Counter (OTC) Cough Syrup Formulations in Kenya. Are They Harmful to Infants? |
title_full | A Review of the Ingredients Contained in Over the Counter (OTC) Cough Syrup Formulations in Kenya. Are They Harmful to Infants? |
title_fullStr | A Review of the Ingredients Contained in Over the Counter (OTC) Cough Syrup Formulations in Kenya. Are They Harmful to Infants? |
title_full_unstemmed | A Review of the Ingredients Contained in Over the Counter (OTC) Cough Syrup Formulations in Kenya. Are They Harmful to Infants? |
title_short | A Review of the Ingredients Contained in Over the Counter (OTC) Cough Syrup Formulations in Kenya. Are They Harmful to Infants? |
title_sort | review of the ingredients contained in over the counter (otc) cough syrup formulations in kenya. are they harmful to infants? |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4634956/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26540251 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142092 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT kigengabriel areviewoftheingredientscontainedinoverthecounterotccoughsyrupformulationsinkenyaaretheyharmfultoinfants AT busakhalanaftali areviewoftheingredientscontainedinoverthecounterotccoughsyrupformulationsinkenyaaretheyharmfultoinfants AT ogarofrancis areviewoftheingredientscontainedinoverthecounterotccoughsyrupformulationsinkenyaaretheyharmfultoinfants AT chesireemily areviewoftheingredientscontainedinoverthecounterotccoughsyrupformulationsinkenyaaretheyharmfultoinfants AT saatnathan areviewoftheingredientscontainedinoverthecounterotccoughsyrupformulationsinkenyaaretheyharmfultoinfants AT toorobert areviewoftheingredientscontainedinoverthecounterotccoughsyrupformulationsinkenyaaretheyharmfultoinfants AT nyandikowinstone areviewoftheingredientscontainedinoverthecounterotccoughsyrupformulationsinkenyaaretheyharmfultoinfants AT kigengabriel reviewoftheingredientscontainedinoverthecounterotccoughsyrupformulationsinkenyaaretheyharmfultoinfants AT busakhalanaftali reviewoftheingredientscontainedinoverthecounterotccoughsyrupformulationsinkenyaaretheyharmfultoinfants AT ogarofrancis reviewoftheingredientscontainedinoverthecounterotccoughsyrupformulationsinkenyaaretheyharmfultoinfants AT chesireemily reviewoftheingredientscontainedinoverthecounterotccoughsyrupformulationsinkenyaaretheyharmfultoinfants AT saatnathan reviewoftheingredientscontainedinoverthecounterotccoughsyrupformulationsinkenyaaretheyharmfultoinfants AT toorobert reviewoftheingredientscontainedinoverthecounterotccoughsyrupformulationsinkenyaaretheyharmfultoinfants AT nyandikowinstone reviewoftheingredientscontainedinoverthecounterotccoughsyrupformulationsinkenyaaretheyharmfultoinfants |