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Cadmium affects microtubule organization and post-translational modifications of tubulin in seedlings of soybean (Glycine max L.)
Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential heavy metal, toxic to all living organisms. The microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton appears to be one of the main targets of Cd action. In this study we present, with the use of various immunological approaches, the effect of Cd at moderate (85 μM) and high (170 μM) concent...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4635210/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26594217 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00937 |
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author | Gzyl, Jarosław Chmielowska-Bąk, Jagna Przymusiński, Roman Gwóźdź, Edward A. |
author_facet | Gzyl, Jarosław Chmielowska-Bąk, Jagna Przymusiński, Roman Gwóźdź, Edward A. |
author_sort | Gzyl, Jarosław |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential heavy metal, toxic to all living organisms. The microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton appears to be one of the main targets of Cd action. In this study we present, with the use of various immunological approaches, the effect of Cd at moderate (85 μM) and high (170 μM) concentrations on the structure and functioning of the MT cytoskeleton in the root cells of soybean seedlings. As the result of heavy metal action, root growth was significantly diminished and was accompanied by a reduction in mitotic activity and disturbance in the structure of the MT arrays, including randomization of the cortical MT arrangement, distorted mitotic arrays and complete depolymerization of the MTs. Biochemical analysis revealed decreased levels of various α- and β-tubulin isoforms with a parallel down-regulation of most examined α-tubulin genes. Simultaneously, Cd treatment led to differentiated changes in the level of tubulin post-translational modifications, including tyrosination, detyrosination, acetylation, and polyglutamylation. Decreased tyrosination and polyglutamylation of particular tubulin isoforms accompanied by increase in the level of specific detyrosinated and acetylated isoforms implies augmented stability and reduced turnover of the MTs during stress conditions. Taken together, the obtained results indicate the significant impact of Cd on gene expression levels and subsequent post-translational processing of tubulin, which may be related to the impairment of MT cytoskeleton functioning in root cells. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4635210 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-46352102015-11-20 Cadmium affects microtubule organization and post-translational modifications of tubulin in seedlings of soybean (Glycine max L.) Gzyl, Jarosław Chmielowska-Bąk, Jagna Przymusiński, Roman Gwóźdź, Edward A. Front Plant Sci Plant Science Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential heavy metal, toxic to all living organisms. The microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton appears to be one of the main targets of Cd action. In this study we present, with the use of various immunological approaches, the effect of Cd at moderate (85 μM) and high (170 μM) concentrations on the structure and functioning of the MT cytoskeleton in the root cells of soybean seedlings. As the result of heavy metal action, root growth was significantly diminished and was accompanied by a reduction in mitotic activity and disturbance in the structure of the MT arrays, including randomization of the cortical MT arrangement, distorted mitotic arrays and complete depolymerization of the MTs. Biochemical analysis revealed decreased levels of various α- and β-tubulin isoforms with a parallel down-regulation of most examined α-tubulin genes. Simultaneously, Cd treatment led to differentiated changes in the level of tubulin post-translational modifications, including tyrosination, detyrosination, acetylation, and polyglutamylation. Decreased tyrosination and polyglutamylation of particular tubulin isoforms accompanied by increase in the level of specific detyrosinated and acetylated isoforms implies augmented stability and reduced turnover of the MTs during stress conditions. Taken together, the obtained results indicate the significant impact of Cd on gene expression levels and subsequent post-translational processing of tubulin, which may be related to the impairment of MT cytoskeleton functioning in root cells. Frontiers Media S.A. 2015-11-06 /pmc/articles/PMC4635210/ /pubmed/26594217 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00937 Text en Copyright © 2015 Gzyl, Chmielowska-Bąk, Przymusiński and Gwóźdź. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Plant Science Gzyl, Jarosław Chmielowska-Bąk, Jagna Przymusiński, Roman Gwóźdź, Edward A. Cadmium affects microtubule organization and post-translational modifications of tubulin in seedlings of soybean (Glycine max L.) |
title | Cadmium affects microtubule organization and post-translational modifications of tubulin in seedlings of soybean (Glycine max L.) |
title_full | Cadmium affects microtubule organization and post-translational modifications of tubulin in seedlings of soybean (Glycine max L.) |
title_fullStr | Cadmium affects microtubule organization and post-translational modifications of tubulin in seedlings of soybean (Glycine max L.) |
title_full_unstemmed | Cadmium affects microtubule organization and post-translational modifications of tubulin in seedlings of soybean (Glycine max L.) |
title_short | Cadmium affects microtubule organization and post-translational modifications of tubulin in seedlings of soybean (Glycine max L.) |
title_sort | cadmium affects microtubule organization and post-translational modifications of tubulin in seedlings of soybean (glycine max l.) |
topic | Plant Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4635210/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26594217 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00937 |
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