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Autism spectrum disorders and neuropathology of the cerebellum

The cerebellum contains the largest number of neurons and synapses of any structure in the central nervous system. The concept that the cerebellum is solely involved in fine motor function has become outdated; substantial evidence has accumulated linking the cerebellum with higher cognitive function...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Hampson, David R., Blatt, Gene J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4635214/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26594141
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2015.00420
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author Hampson, David R.
Blatt, Gene J.
author_facet Hampson, David R.
Blatt, Gene J.
author_sort Hampson, David R.
collection PubMed
description The cerebellum contains the largest number of neurons and synapses of any structure in the central nervous system. The concept that the cerebellum is solely involved in fine motor function has become outdated; substantial evidence has accumulated linking the cerebellum with higher cognitive functions including language. Cerebellar deficits have been implicated in autism for more than two decades. The computational power of the cerebellum is essential for many, if not most of the processes that are perturbed in autism including language and communication, social interactions, stereotyped behavior, motor activity and motor coordination, and higher cognitive functions. The link between autism and cerebellar dysfunction should not be surprising to those who study its cellular, physiological, and functional properties. Postmortem studies have revealed neuropathological abnormalities in cerebellar cellular architecture while studies on mouse lines with cell loss or mutations in single genes restricted to cerebellar Purkinje cells have also strongly implicated this brain structure in contributing to the autistic phenotype. This connection has been further substantiated by studies investigating brain damage in humans restricted to the cerebellum. In this review, we summarize advances in research on idiopathic autism and three genetic forms of autism that highlight the key roles that the cerebellum plays in this spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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spelling pubmed-46352142015-11-20 Autism spectrum disorders and neuropathology of the cerebellum Hampson, David R. Blatt, Gene J. Front Neurosci Physiology The cerebellum contains the largest number of neurons and synapses of any structure in the central nervous system. The concept that the cerebellum is solely involved in fine motor function has become outdated; substantial evidence has accumulated linking the cerebellum with higher cognitive functions including language. Cerebellar deficits have been implicated in autism for more than two decades. The computational power of the cerebellum is essential for many, if not most of the processes that are perturbed in autism including language and communication, social interactions, stereotyped behavior, motor activity and motor coordination, and higher cognitive functions. The link between autism and cerebellar dysfunction should not be surprising to those who study its cellular, physiological, and functional properties. Postmortem studies have revealed neuropathological abnormalities in cerebellar cellular architecture while studies on mouse lines with cell loss or mutations in single genes restricted to cerebellar Purkinje cells have also strongly implicated this brain structure in contributing to the autistic phenotype. This connection has been further substantiated by studies investigating brain damage in humans restricted to the cerebellum. In this review, we summarize advances in research on idiopathic autism and three genetic forms of autism that highlight the key roles that the cerebellum plays in this spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders. Frontiers Media S.A. 2015-11-06 /pmc/articles/PMC4635214/ /pubmed/26594141 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2015.00420 Text en Copyright © 2015 Hampson and Blatt. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Physiology
Hampson, David R.
Blatt, Gene J.
Autism spectrum disorders and neuropathology of the cerebellum
title Autism spectrum disorders and neuropathology of the cerebellum
title_full Autism spectrum disorders and neuropathology of the cerebellum
title_fullStr Autism spectrum disorders and neuropathology of the cerebellum
title_full_unstemmed Autism spectrum disorders and neuropathology of the cerebellum
title_short Autism spectrum disorders and neuropathology of the cerebellum
title_sort autism spectrum disorders and neuropathology of the cerebellum
topic Physiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4635214/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26594141
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2015.00420
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