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Ferns: the missing link in shoot evolution and development

Shoot development in land plants is a remarkably complex process that gives rise to an extreme diversity of forms. Our current understanding of shoot developmental mechanisms comes almost entirely from studies of angiosperms (flowering plants), the most recently diverged plant lineage. Shoot develop...

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Autores principales: Plackett, Andrew R. G., Di Stilio, Verónica S., Langdale, Jane A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4635223/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26594222
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00972
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author Plackett, Andrew R. G.
Di Stilio, Verónica S.
Langdale, Jane A.
author_facet Plackett, Andrew R. G.
Di Stilio, Verónica S.
Langdale, Jane A.
author_sort Plackett, Andrew R. G.
collection PubMed
description Shoot development in land plants is a remarkably complex process that gives rise to an extreme diversity of forms. Our current understanding of shoot developmental mechanisms comes almost entirely from studies of angiosperms (flowering plants), the most recently diverged plant lineage. Shoot development in angiosperms is based around a layered multicellular apical meristem that produces lateral organs and/or secondary meristems from populations of founder cells at its periphery. In contrast, non-seed plant shoots develop from either single apical initials or from a small population of morphologically distinct apical cells. Although developmental and molecular information is becoming available for non-flowering plants, such as the model moss Physcomitrella patens, making valid comparisons between highly divergent lineages is extremely challenging. As sister group to the seed plants, the monilophytes (ferns and relatives) represent an excellent phylogenetic midpoint of comparison for unlocking the evolution of shoot developmental mechanisms, and recent technical advances have finally made transgenic analysis possible in the emerging model fern Ceratopteris richardii. This review compares and contrasts our current understanding of shoot development in different land plant lineages with the aim of highlighting the potential role that the fern C. richardii could play in shedding light on the evolution of underlying genetic regulatory mechanisms.
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spelling pubmed-46352232015-11-20 Ferns: the missing link in shoot evolution and development Plackett, Andrew R. G. Di Stilio, Verónica S. Langdale, Jane A. Front Plant Sci Plant Science Shoot development in land plants is a remarkably complex process that gives rise to an extreme diversity of forms. Our current understanding of shoot developmental mechanisms comes almost entirely from studies of angiosperms (flowering plants), the most recently diverged plant lineage. Shoot development in angiosperms is based around a layered multicellular apical meristem that produces lateral organs and/or secondary meristems from populations of founder cells at its periphery. In contrast, non-seed plant shoots develop from either single apical initials or from a small population of morphologically distinct apical cells. Although developmental and molecular information is becoming available for non-flowering plants, such as the model moss Physcomitrella patens, making valid comparisons between highly divergent lineages is extremely challenging. As sister group to the seed plants, the monilophytes (ferns and relatives) represent an excellent phylogenetic midpoint of comparison for unlocking the evolution of shoot developmental mechanisms, and recent technical advances have finally made transgenic analysis possible in the emerging model fern Ceratopteris richardii. This review compares and contrasts our current understanding of shoot development in different land plant lineages with the aim of highlighting the potential role that the fern C. richardii could play in shedding light on the evolution of underlying genetic regulatory mechanisms. Frontiers Media S.A. 2015-11-06 /pmc/articles/PMC4635223/ /pubmed/26594222 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00972 Text en Copyright © 2015 Plackett, Di Stilio and Langdale. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Plackett, Andrew R. G.
Di Stilio, Verónica S.
Langdale, Jane A.
Ferns: the missing link in shoot evolution and development
title Ferns: the missing link in shoot evolution and development
title_full Ferns: the missing link in shoot evolution and development
title_fullStr Ferns: the missing link in shoot evolution and development
title_full_unstemmed Ferns: the missing link in shoot evolution and development
title_short Ferns: the missing link in shoot evolution and development
title_sort ferns: the missing link in shoot evolution and development
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4635223/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26594222
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00972
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