Effect of shampoo, conditioner and permanent waving on the molecular structure of human hair
The hair is a filamentous biomaterial consisting of the cuticle, the cortex and the medulla, all held together by the cell membrane complex. The cortex mostly consists of helical keratin proteins that spiral together to form coiled-coil dimers, intermediate filaments, micro-fibrils and macro-fibrils...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
PeerJ Inc.
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4636411/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26557428 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1296 |
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author | Zhang, Yuchen Alsop, Richard J. Soomro, Asfia Yang, Fei-Chi Rheinstädter, Maikel C. |
author_facet | Zhang, Yuchen Alsop, Richard J. Soomro, Asfia Yang, Fei-Chi Rheinstädter, Maikel C. |
author_sort | Zhang, Yuchen |
collection | PubMed |
description | The hair is a filamentous biomaterial consisting of the cuticle, the cortex and the medulla, all held together by the cell membrane complex. The cortex mostly consists of helical keratin proteins that spiral together to form coiled-coil dimers, intermediate filaments, micro-fibrils and macro-fibrils. We used X-ray diffraction to study hair structure on the molecular level, at length scales between ∼3–90 Å, in hopes of developing a diagnostic method for diseases affecting hair structure allowing for fast and noninvasive screening. However, such an approach can only be successful if common hair treatments do not affect molecular hair structure. We found that a single use of shampoo and conditioner has no effect on packing of keratin molecules, structure of the intermediate filaments or internal lipid composition of the membrane complex. Permanent waving treatments are known to break and reform disulfide linkages in the hair. Single application of a perming product was found to deeply penetrate the hair and reduce the number of keratin coiled-coils and change the structure of the intermediate filaments. Signals related to the coiled-coil structure of the α-keratin molecules at 5 and 9.5 Å were found to be decreased while a signal associated with the organization of the intermediate filaments at 47 Å was significantly elevated in permed hair. Both these observations are related to breaking of the bonds between two coiled-coil keratin dimers. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4636411 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-46364112015-11-09 Effect of shampoo, conditioner and permanent waving on the molecular structure of human hair Zhang, Yuchen Alsop, Richard J. Soomro, Asfia Yang, Fei-Chi Rheinstädter, Maikel C. PeerJ Biophysics The hair is a filamentous biomaterial consisting of the cuticle, the cortex and the medulla, all held together by the cell membrane complex. The cortex mostly consists of helical keratin proteins that spiral together to form coiled-coil dimers, intermediate filaments, micro-fibrils and macro-fibrils. We used X-ray diffraction to study hair structure on the molecular level, at length scales between ∼3–90 Å, in hopes of developing a diagnostic method for diseases affecting hair structure allowing for fast and noninvasive screening. However, such an approach can only be successful if common hair treatments do not affect molecular hair structure. We found that a single use of shampoo and conditioner has no effect on packing of keratin molecules, structure of the intermediate filaments or internal lipid composition of the membrane complex. Permanent waving treatments are known to break and reform disulfide linkages in the hair. Single application of a perming product was found to deeply penetrate the hair and reduce the number of keratin coiled-coils and change the structure of the intermediate filaments. Signals related to the coiled-coil structure of the α-keratin molecules at 5 and 9.5 Å were found to be decreased while a signal associated with the organization of the intermediate filaments at 47 Å was significantly elevated in permed hair. Both these observations are related to breaking of the bonds between two coiled-coil keratin dimers. PeerJ Inc. 2015-10-01 /pmc/articles/PMC4636411/ /pubmed/26557428 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1296 Text en © 2015 Zhang et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. |
spellingShingle | Biophysics Zhang, Yuchen Alsop, Richard J. Soomro, Asfia Yang, Fei-Chi Rheinstädter, Maikel C. Effect of shampoo, conditioner and permanent waving on the molecular structure of human hair |
title | Effect of shampoo, conditioner and permanent waving on the molecular structure of human hair |
title_full | Effect of shampoo, conditioner and permanent waving on the molecular structure of human hair |
title_fullStr | Effect of shampoo, conditioner and permanent waving on the molecular structure of human hair |
title_full_unstemmed | Effect of shampoo, conditioner and permanent waving on the molecular structure of human hair |
title_short | Effect of shampoo, conditioner and permanent waving on the molecular structure of human hair |
title_sort | effect of shampoo, conditioner and permanent waving on the molecular structure of human hair |
topic | Biophysics |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4636411/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26557428 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1296 |
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