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Molecular Regulation of Toll-like Receptors in Asthma and COPD

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have both been historically associated with significant morbidity and financial burden. These diseases can be induced by several exogenous factors, such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) (e.g., allergens and microbes). Endogenou...

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Autores principales: Zuo, Li, Lucas, Kurt, Fortuna, Christopher A., Chuang, Chia-Chen, Best, Thomas M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4637409/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26617525
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2015.00312
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author Zuo, Li
Lucas, Kurt
Fortuna, Christopher A.
Chuang, Chia-Chen
Best, Thomas M.
author_facet Zuo, Li
Lucas, Kurt
Fortuna, Christopher A.
Chuang, Chia-Chen
Best, Thomas M.
author_sort Zuo, Li
collection PubMed
description Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have both been historically associated with significant morbidity and financial burden. These diseases can be induced by several exogenous factors, such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) (e.g., allergens and microbes). Endogenous factors, including reactive oxygen species, and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) recognized by toll-like receptors (TLRs), can also result in airway inflammation. Asthma is characterized by the dominant presence of eosinophils, mast cells, and clusters of differentiation (CD)4(+) T cells in the airways, while COPD typically results in the excessive formation of neutrophils, macrophages, and CD8(+) T cells in the airways. In both asthma and COPD, in the respiratory tract, TLRs are the primary proteins of interest associated with the innate and adaptive immune responses; hence, multiple treatment options targeting TLRs are being explored in an effort to reduce the severity of the symptoms of these disorders. TLR-mediated pathways for both COPD and asthma have their similarities and differences with regards to cell types and the pro-inflammatory cytotoxins present in the airway. Because of the complex TLR cascade, a variety of treatments have been used to minimize airway hypersensitivity and promote bronchodilation. Although unsuccessful at completely alleviating COPD and severe asthmatic symptoms, new studies are focused on possible targets within the TLR cascade to ameliorate airway inflammation.
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spelling pubmed-46374092015-11-27 Molecular Regulation of Toll-like Receptors in Asthma and COPD Zuo, Li Lucas, Kurt Fortuna, Christopher A. Chuang, Chia-Chen Best, Thomas M. Front Physiol Physiology Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have both been historically associated with significant morbidity and financial burden. These diseases can be induced by several exogenous factors, such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) (e.g., allergens and microbes). Endogenous factors, including reactive oxygen species, and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) recognized by toll-like receptors (TLRs), can also result in airway inflammation. Asthma is characterized by the dominant presence of eosinophils, mast cells, and clusters of differentiation (CD)4(+) T cells in the airways, while COPD typically results in the excessive formation of neutrophils, macrophages, and CD8(+) T cells in the airways. In both asthma and COPD, in the respiratory tract, TLRs are the primary proteins of interest associated with the innate and adaptive immune responses; hence, multiple treatment options targeting TLRs are being explored in an effort to reduce the severity of the symptoms of these disorders. TLR-mediated pathways for both COPD and asthma have their similarities and differences with regards to cell types and the pro-inflammatory cytotoxins present in the airway. Because of the complex TLR cascade, a variety of treatments have been used to minimize airway hypersensitivity and promote bronchodilation. Although unsuccessful at completely alleviating COPD and severe asthmatic symptoms, new studies are focused on possible targets within the TLR cascade to ameliorate airway inflammation. Frontiers Media S.A. 2015-11-09 /pmc/articles/PMC4637409/ /pubmed/26617525 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2015.00312 Text en Copyright © 2015 Zuo, Lucas, Fortuna, Chuang and Best. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Physiology
Zuo, Li
Lucas, Kurt
Fortuna, Christopher A.
Chuang, Chia-Chen
Best, Thomas M.
Molecular Regulation of Toll-like Receptors in Asthma and COPD
title Molecular Regulation of Toll-like Receptors in Asthma and COPD
title_full Molecular Regulation of Toll-like Receptors in Asthma and COPD
title_fullStr Molecular Regulation of Toll-like Receptors in Asthma and COPD
title_full_unstemmed Molecular Regulation of Toll-like Receptors in Asthma and COPD
title_short Molecular Regulation of Toll-like Receptors in Asthma and COPD
title_sort molecular regulation of toll-like receptors in asthma and copd
topic Physiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4637409/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26617525
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2015.00312
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