Molecular co-catalyst accelerating hole transfer for enhanced photocatalytic H(2) evolution

In artificial photocatalysis, sluggish kinetics of hole transfer and the resulting high-charge recombination rate have been the Achilles' heel of photocatalytic conversion efficiency. Here we demonstrate water-soluble molecules as co-catalysts to accelerate hole transfer for improved photocatalytic H(2) evolution activity. Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), by virtue of its reversible redox couple TFA·/TFA(−), serves as a homogeneous co-catalyst that not only maximizes the contact areas between co-catalysts and reactants but also greatly promotes hole transfer. Thus K(4)Nb(6)O(17) nanosheet catalysts achieve drastically increased photocatalytic H(2) production rate in the presence of TFA, up to 32 times with respect to the blank experiment. The molecular co-catalyst represents a new, simple and highly effective approach to suppress recombination of photogenerated charges, and has provided fertile new ground for creating high-efficiency photosynthesis systems, avoiding use of noble-metal co-catalysts.