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Imposex in the dogwhelk (Nucella lapillus): 22-year monitoring around England and Wales
Six imposex surveys in the dogwhelk (Nucella lapillus) have been conducted over the past two decades to assess legislation effectiveness controlling the use of tri-butyl tin (TBT) by the maritime shipping industry. This study firstly analysed the results of the 2014 survey and secondly carried out a...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer International Publishing
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4641150/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26555007 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4961-0 |
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author | Nicolaus, E. E. Manuel Barry, Jon |
author_facet | Nicolaus, E. E. Manuel Barry, Jon |
author_sort | Nicolaus, E. E. Manuel |
collection | PubMed |
description | Six imposex surveys in the dogwhelk (Nucella lapillus) have been conducted over the past two decades to assess legislation effectiveness controlling the use of tri-butyl tin (TBT) by the maritime shipping industry. This study firstly analysed the results of the 2014 survey and secondly carried out a trend assessment of the same 88 sampled sites between 1997 and 2014 of which 65 showed statistically significant reductions. To highlight the magnitude of change, the Vas Deferens Sequence stages (VDS) of the same 56 sites sampled in 1997 and 2010 showed that the Vas Deferens Sequence Index (VDSI) reduced statistically significantly from 2.89 and 0.42, respectively. These data confirm that the legislation enacted, latterly through the International Maritime Organization (IMO) during 2003 to 2008, has been effective in progressively reducing the impact of TBT in the marine environment. Nevertheless, the 2014 results show that two of 18 sampled sites (Gurnard Bay and St. Mawes) are still above the Ecotoxicological Assessment Criteria (EAC) derived for TBT (VDSI ≤ 2). ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10661-015-4961-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4641150 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Springer International Publishing |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-46411502015-11-13 Imposex in the dogwhelk (Nucella lapillus): 22-year monitoring around England and Wales Nicolaus, E. E. Manuel Barry, Jon Environ Monit Assess Article Six imposex surveys in the dogwhelk (Nucella lapillus) have been conducted over the past two decades to assess legislation effectiveness controlling the use of tri-butyl tin (TBT) by the maritime shipping industry. This study firstly analysed the results of the 2014 survey and secondly carried out a trend assessment of the same 88 sampled sites between 1997 and 2014 of which 65 showed statistically significant reductions. To highlight the magnitude of change, the Vas Deferens Sequence stages (VDS) of the same 56 sites sampled in 1997 and 2010 showed that the Vas Deferens Sequence Index (VDSI) reduced statistically significantly from 2.89 and 0.42, respectively. These data confirm that the legislation enacted, latterly through the International Maritime Organization (IMO) during 2003 to 2008, has been effective in progressively reducing the impact of TBT in the marine environment. Nevertheless, the 2014 results show that two of 18 sampled sites (Gurnard Bay and St. Mawes) are still above the Ecotoxicological Assessment Criteria (EAC) derived for TBT (VDSI ≤ 2). ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10661-015-4961-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Springer International Publishing 2015-11-10 2015 /pmc/articles/PMC4641150/ /pubmed/26555007 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4961-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2015 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. |
spellingShingle | Article Nicolaus, E. E. Manuel Barry, Jon Imposex in the dogwhelk (Nucella lapillus): 22-year monitoring around England and Wales |
title | Imposex in the dogwhelk (Nucella lapillus): 22-year monitoring around England and Wales |
title_full | Imposex in the dogwhelk (Nucella lapillus): 22-year monitoring around England and Wales |
title_fullStr | Imposex in the dogwhelk (Nucella lapillus): 22-year monitoring around England and Wales |
title_full_unstemmed | Imposex in the dogwhelk (Nucella lapillus): 22-year monitoring around England and Wales |
title_short | Imposex in the dogwhelk (Nucella lapillus): 22-year monitoring around England and Wales |
title_sort | imposex in the dogwhelk (nucella lapillus): 22-year monitoring around england and wales |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4641150/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26555007 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4961-0 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT nicolauseemanuel imposexinthedogwhelknucellalapillus22yearmonitoringaroundenglandandwales AT barryjon imposexinthedogwhelknucellalapillus22yearmonitoringaroundenglandandwales |