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Interleukin (IL)-1β Is a Strong Inducer of IL-36γ Expression in Human Colonic Myofibroblasts
BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS: Interleukin (IL)-36 cytokines are members of the IL-1 cytokine family. In this study, we investigated the expression of IL-36γ in human colonic myofibroblasts to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying IL-36γ induction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: IL-36 mRNA was analyzed by real...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4643060/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26562662 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138423 |
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author | Takahashi, Kenichiro Nishida, Atsushi Shioya, Makoto Imaeda, Hirotsugu Bamba, Shigeki Inatomi, Osamu Shimizu, Tomoharu Kitoh, Katsuyuki Andoh, Akira |
author_facet | Takahashi, Kenichiro Nishida, Atsushi Shioya, Makoto Imaeda, Hirotsugu Bamba, Shigeki Inatomi, Osamu Shimizu, Tomoharu Kitoh, Katsuyuki Andoh, Akira |
author_sort | Takahashi, Kenichiro |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS: Interleukin (IL)-36 cytokines are members of the IL-1 cytokine family. In this study, we investigated the expression of IL-36γ in human colonic myofibroblasts to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying IL-36γ induction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: IL-36 mRNA was analyzed by real-time PCR method. Secretion of IL-36γ protein was evaluated by Western blot and ELISA analyses. Molecular mechanism of IL-36γ induction was evaluated by siRNA analyses and immunofluorescence experiments. RESULTS: IL-36γ mRNA expression was scarcely detected in the cells without stimulation. IL-1β induced a marked increase of IL-36γ mRNA expression. TNF-α markedly enhanced IL-1β-induced IL-36γ mRNA expression. These responses were confirmed at the protein levels. The inhibitors for ERK1/2 (PD98059 and U0216) and a p38 MAPK (SB203580) significantly reduced the IL-1β-induced IL-36γ mRNA expression. In addition, the siRNAs specific for NF-κB p65 and AP-1 (c-Jun) significantly reduced the expression of IL-1β-induced IL-36γ mRNA. CONCLUSIONS: Colonic myofibroblasts are cellular source of IL-36γ in the intestine. IL-36γ expression was induced by the combination of IL-1β and TNF-α via activation of MAPKs and transcription factors, NF-κB and AP-1. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4643060 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-46430602015-11-18 Interleukin (IL)-1β Is a Strong Inducer of IL-36γ Expression in Human Colonic Myofibroblasts Takahashi, Kenichiro Nishida, Atsushi Shioya, Makoto Imaeda, Hirotsugu Bamba, Shigeki Inatomi, Osamu Shimizu, Tomoharu Kitoh, Katsuyuki Andoh, Akira PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS: Interleukin (IL)-36 cytokines are members of the IL-1 cytokine family. In this study, we investigated the expression of IL-36γ in human colonic myofibroblasts to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying IL-36γ induction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: IL-36 mRNA was analyzed by real-time PCR method. Secretion of IL-36γ protein was evaluated by Western blot and ELISA analyses. Molecular mechanism of IL-36γ induction was evaluated by siRNA analyses and immunofluorescence experiments. RESULTS: IL-36γ mRNA expression was scarcely detected in the cells without stimulation. IL-1β induced a marked increase of IL-36γ mRNA expression. TNF-α markedly enhanced IL-1β-induced IL-36γ mRNA expression. These responses were confirmed at the protein levels. The inhibitors for ERK1/2 (PD98059 and U0216) and a p38 MAPK (SB203580) significantly reduced the IL-1β-induced IL-36γ mRNA expression. In addition, the siRNAs specific for NF-κB p65 and AP-1 (c-Jun) significantly reduced the expression of IL-1β-induced IL-36γ mRNA. CONCLUSIONS: Colonic myofibroblasts are cellular source of IL-36γ in the intestine. IL-36γ expression was induced by the combination of IL-1β and TNF-α via activation of MAPKs and transcription factors, NF-κB and AP-1. Public Library of Science 2015-11-12 /pmc/articles/PMC4643060/ /pubmed/26562662 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138423 Text en © 2015 Takahashi et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Takahashi, Kenichiro Nishida, Atsushi Shioya, Makoto Imaeda, Hirotsugu Bamba, Shigeki Inatomi, Osamu Shimizu, Tomoharu Kitoh, Katsuyuki Andoh, Akira Interleukin (IL)-1β Is a Strong Inducer of IL-36γ Expression in Human Colonic Myofibroblasts |
title | Interleukin (IL)-1β Is a Strong Inducer of IL-36γ Expression in Human Colonic Myofibroblasts |
title_full | Interleukin (IL)-1β Is a Strong Inducer of IL-36γ Expression in Human Colonic Myofibroblasts |
title_fullStr | Interleukin (IL)-1β Is a Strong Inducer of IL-36γ Expression in Human Colonic Myofibroblasts |
title_full_unstemmed | Interleukin (IL)-1β Is a Strong Inducer of IL-36γ Expression in Human Colonic Myofibroblasts |
title_short | Interleukin (IL)-1β Is a Strong Inducer of IL-36γ Expression in Human Colonic Myofibroblasts |
title_sort | interleukin (il)-1β is a strong inducer of il-36γ expression in human colonic myofibroblasts |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4643060/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26562662 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138423 |
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