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Hazard potential of volcanic flank collapses raised by new megatsunami evidence
Large-scale gravitational flank collapses of steep volcanic islands are hypothetically capable of triggering megatsunamis with highly catastrophic effects. Yet, evidence for the generation and impact of collapse-triggered megatsunamis and their high run-ups remains scarce or is highly controversial....
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Association for the Advancement of Science
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4646801/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26601287 http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500456 |
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author | Ramalho, Ricardo S. Winckler, Gisela Madeira, José Helffrich, George R. Hipólito, Ana Quartau, Rui Adena, Katherine Schaefer, Joerg M. |
author_facet | Ramalho, Ricardo S. Winckler, Gisela Madeira, José Helffrich, George R. Hipólito, Ana Quartau, Rui Adena, Katherine Schaefer, Joerg M. |
author_sort | Ramalho, Ricardo S. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Large-scale gravitational flank collapses of steep volcanic islands are hypothetically capable of triggering megatsunamis with highly catastrophic effects. Yet, evidence for the generation and impact of collapse-triggered megatsunamis and their high run-ups remains scarce or is highly controversial. Therefore, doubts remain on whether island flank failures truly generate enough volume flux to trigger giant tsunamis, leading to diverging opinions concerning the real hazard potential of such collapses. We show that one of the most prominent oceanic volcanoes on Earth—Fogo, in the Cape Verde Islands—catastrophically collapsed and triggered a megatsunami with devastating effects ~73,000 years ago. Our deductions are based on the recent discovery and cosmogenic (3)He dating of tsunamigenic deposits found on nearby Santiago Island, which attest to the impact of this giant tsunami and document wave run-up heights exceeding 270 m. The evidence reported here implies that Fogo’s flank failure involved at least one fast and voluminous event that led to a giant tsunami, in contrast to what has been suggested before. Our observations therefore further demonstrate that flank collapses may indeed catastrophically happen and are capable of triggering tsunamis of enormous height and energy, adding to their hazard potential. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4646801 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | American Association for the Advancement of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-46468012015-11-23 Hazard potential of volcanic flank collapses raised by new megatsunami evidence Ramalho, Ricardo S. Winckler, Gisela Madeira, José Helffrich, George R. Hipólito, Ana Quartau, Rui Adena, Katherine Schaefer, Joerg M. Sci Adv Research Articles Large-scale gravitational flank collapses of steep volcanic islands are hypothetically capable of triggering megatsunamis with highly catastrophic effects. Yet, evidence for the generation and impact of collapse-triggered megatsunamis and their high run-ups remains scarce or is highly controversial. Therefore, doubts remain on whether island flank failures truly generate enough volume flux to trigger giant tsunamis, leading to diverging opinions concerning the real hazard potential of such collapses. We show that one of the most prominent oceanic volcanoes on Earth—Fogo, in the Cape Verde Islands—catastrophically collapsed and triggered a megatsunami with devastating effects ~73,000 years ago. Our deductions are based on the recent discovery and cosmogenic (3)He dating of tsunamigenic deposits found on nearby Santiago Island, which attest to the impact of this giant tsunami and document wave run-up heights exceeding 270 m. The evidence reported here implies that Fogo’s flank failure involved at least one fast and voluminous event that led to a giant tsunami, in contrast to what has been suggested before. Our observations therefore further demonstrate that flank collapses may indeed catastrophically happen and are capable of triggering tsunamis of enormous height and energy, adding to their hazard potential. American Association for the Advancement of Science 2015-10-02 /pmc/articles/PMC4646801/ /pubmed/26601287 http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500456 Text en Copyright © 2015, The Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Articles Ramalho, Ricardo S. Winckler, Gisela Madeira, José Helffrich, George R. Hipólito, Ana Quartau, Rui Adena, Katherine Schaefer, Joerg M. Hazard potential of volcanic flank collapses raised by new megatsunami evidence |
title | Hazard potential of volcanic flank collapses raised by new megatsunami evidence |
title_full | Hazard potential of volcanic flank collapses raised by new megatsunami evidence |
title_fullStr | Hazard potential of volcanic flank collapses raised by new megatsunami evidence |
title_full_unstemmed | Hazard potential of volcanic flank collapses raised by new megatsunami evidence |
title_short | Hazard potential of volcanic flank collapses raised by new megatsunami evidence |
title_sort | hazard potential of volcanic flank collapses raised by new megatsunami evidence |
topic | Research Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4646801/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26601287 http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500456 |
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