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The Role of Organelle Stresses in Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity: Implication for Treatment

The type 2 diabetes pandemic in recent decades is a huge global health threat. This pandemic is primarily attributed to the surplus of nutrients and the increased prevalence of obesity worldwide. In contrast, calorie restriction and weight reduction can drastically prevent type 2 diabetes, indicatin...

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Autores principales: Chang, Yi-Cheng, Hee, Siow-Wey, Hsieh, Meng-Lun, Jeng, Yung-Ming, Chuang, Lee-Ming
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4646985/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26613076
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/972891
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author Chang, Yi-Cheng
Hee, Siow-Wey
Hsieh, Meng-Lun
Jeng, Yung-Ming
Chuang, Lee-Ming
author_facet Chang, Yi-Cheng
Hee, Siow-Wey
Hsieh, Meng-Lun
Jeng, Yung-Ming
Chuang, Lee-Ming
author_sort Chang, Yi-Cheng
collection PubMed
description The type 2 diabetes pandemic in recent decades is a huge global health threat. This pandemic is primarily attributed to the surplus of nutrients and the increased prevalence of obesity worldwide. In contrast, calorie restriction and weight reduction can drastically prevent type 2 diabetes, indicating a central role of nutrient excess in the development of diabetes. Recently, the molecular links between excessive nutrients, organelle stress, and development of metabolic disease have been extensively studied. Specifically, excessive nutrients trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress and increase the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, leading to activation of stress signaling pathway, inflammatory response, lipogenesis, and pancreatic beta-cell death. Autophagy is required for clearance of hepatic lipid clearance, alleviation of pancreatic beta-cell stress, and white adipocyte differentiation. ROS scavengers, chemical chaperones, and autophagy activators have demonstrated promising effects for the treatment of insulin resistance and diabetes in preclinical models. Further results from clinical trials are eagerly awaited.
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spelling pubmed-46469852015-11-26 The Role of Organelle Stresses in Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity: Implication for Treatment Chang, Yi-Cheng Hee, Siow-Wey Hsieh, Meng-Lun Jeng, Yung-Ming Chuang, Lee-Ming Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) Review Article The type 2 diabetes pandemic in recent decades is a huge global health threat. This pandemic is primarily attributed to the surplus of nutrients and the increased prevalence of obesity worldwide. In contrast, calorie restriction and weight reduction can drastically prevent type 2 diabetes, indicating a central role of nutrient excess in the development of diabetes. Recently, the molecular links between excessive nutrients, organelle stress, and development of metabolic disease have been extensively studied. Specifically, excessive nutrients trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress and increase the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, leading to activation of stress signaling pathway, inflammatory response, lipogenesis, and pancreatic beta-cell death. Autophagy is required for clearance of hepatic lipid clearance, alleviation of pancreatic beta-cell stress, and white adipocyte differentiation. ROS scavengers, chemical chaperones, and autophagy activators have demonstrated promising effects for the treatment of insulin resistance and diabetes in preclinical models. Further results from clinical trials are eagerly awaited. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015 2015-11-03 /pmc/articles/PMC4646985/ /pubmed/26613076 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/972891 Text en Copyright © 2015 Yi-Cheng Chang et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Chang, Yi-Cheng
Hee, Siow-Wey
Hsieh, Meng-Lun
Jeng, Yung-Ming
Chuang, Lee-Ming
The Role of Organelle Stresses in Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity: Implication for Treatment
title The Role of Organelle Stresses in Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity: Implication for Treatment
title_full The Role of Organelle Stresses in Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity: Implication for Treatment
title_fullStr The Role of Organelle Stresses in Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity: Implication for Treatment
title_full_unstemmed The Role of Organelle Stresses in Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity: Implication for Treatment
title_short The Role of Organelle Stresses in Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity: Implication for Treatment
title_sort role of organelle stresses in diabetes mellitus and obesity: implication for treatment
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4646985/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26613076
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/972891
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