Enzyme-Modified Particles for Selective Biocatalytic Hydrogenation by Hydrogen-Driven NADH Recycling

We describe a new approach to selective H(2)-driven hydrogenation that exploits a sequence of enzymes immobilised on carbon particles. We used a catalyst system that comprised alcohol dehydrogenase, hydrogenase and an NAD(+) reductase on carbon black to demonstrate a greater than 98 % conversion of acetophenone to phenylethanol. Oxidation of H(2) by the hydrogenase provides electrons through the carbon for NAD(+) reduction to recycle the NADH cofactor required by the alcohol dehydrogenase. This biocatalytic system operates over the pH range 6–8 or in un-buffered water, and can function at low concentrations of the cofactor (10 μm NAD(+)) and at H(2) partial pressures below 1 bar. Total turnover numbers >130 000 during acetophenone reduction indicate high enzyme stability, and the immobilised enzymes can be recovered by a simple centrifugation step and re-used several times. This offers a route to convenient, atom-efficient operation of NADH-dependent oxidoreductases for selective hydrogenation catalysis.