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Not seeing or feeling is still believing: conscious and non-conscious pain modulation after direct and observational learning
Our experience with the world is shaped not only directly through personal exposure but also indirectly through observing others and learning from their experiences. Using a conditioning paradigm, we investigated how directly and observationally learned information can affect pain perception, both c...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4649469/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26578164 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep16809 |
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author | Egorova, Natalia Park, Joel Orr, Scott P. Kirsch, Irving Gollub, Randy L. Kong, Jian |
author_facet | Egorova, Natalia Park, Joel Orr, Scott P. Kirsch, Irving Gollub, Randy L. Kong, Jian |
author_sort | Egorova, Natalia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Our experience with the world is shaped not only directly through personal exposure but also indirectly through observing others and learning from their experiences. Using a conditioning paradigm, we investigated how directly and observationally learned information can affect pain perception, both consciously and non-consciously. Differences between direct and observed cues were manifest in higher pain ratings and larger skin conductance responses to directly experienced cues. However, the pain modulation effects produced by conditioning were of comparable magnitude for direct and observational learning. These results suggest that social observation can induce positive and negative pain modulation. Importantly, the fact that cues learned by observation and activated non-consciously still produced a robust conditioning effect that withstood extinction highlights the role of indirect exposure in placebo and nocebo effects. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4649469 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-46494692015-11-23 Not seeing or feeling is still believing: conscious and non-conscious pain modulation after direct and observational learning Egorova, Natalia Park, Joel Orr, Scott P. Kirsch, Irving Gollub, Randy L. Kong, Jian Sci Rep Article Our experience with the world is shaped not only directly through personal exposure but also indirectly through observing others and learning from their experiences. Using a conditioning paradigm, we investigated how directly and observationally learned information can affect pain perception, both consciously and non-consciously. Differences between direct and observed cues were manifest in higher pain ratings and larger skin conductance responses to directly experienced cues. However, the pain modulation effects produced by conditioning were of comparable magnitude for direct and observational learning. These results suggest that social observation can induce positive and negative pain modulation. Importantly, the fact that cues learned by observation and activated non-consciously still produced a robust conditioning effect that withstood extinction highlights the role of indirect exposure in placebo and nocebo effects. Nature Publishing Group 2015-11-18 /pmc/articles/PMC4649469/ /pubmed/26578164 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep16809 Text en Copyright © 2015, Macmillan Publishers Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
spellingShingle | Article Egorova, Natalia Park, Joel Orr, Scott P. Kirsch, Irving Gollub, Randy L. Kong, Jian Not seeing or feeling is still believing: conscious and non-conscious pain modulation after direct and observational learning |
title | Not seeing or feeling is still believing: conscious and non-conscious pain modulation after direct and observational learning |
title_full | Not seeing or feeling is still believing: conscious and non-conscious pain modulation after direct and observational learning |
title_fullStr | Not seeing or feeling is still believing: conscious and non-conscious pain modulation after direct and observational learning |
title_full_unstemmed | Not seeing or feeling is still believing: conscious and non-conscious pain modulation after direct and observational learning |
title_short | Not seeing or feeling is still believing: conscious and non-conscious pain modulation after direct and observational learning |
title_sort | not seeing or feeling is still believing: conscious and non-conscious pain modulation after direct and observational learning |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4649469/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26578164 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep16809 |
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