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Biases in the Explore–Exploit Tradeoff in Addictions: The Role of Avoidance of Uncertainty

We focus on exploratory decisions across disorders of compulsivity, a potential dimensional construct for the classification of mental disorders. Behaviors associated with the pathological use of alcohol or food, in alcohol use disorders (AUD) or binge-eating disorder (BED), suggest a disturbance in...

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Autores principales: Morris, Laurel S, Baek, Kwangyeol, Kundu, Prantik, Harrison, Neil A, Frank, Michael J, Voon, Valerie
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4650253/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26174598
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npp.2015.208
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author Morris, Laurel S
Baek, Kwangyeol
Kundu, Prantik
Harrison, Neil A
Frank, Michael J
Voon, Valerie
author_facet Morris, Laurel S
Baek, Kwangyeol
Kundu, Prantik
Harrison, Neil A
Frank, Michael J
Voon, Valerie
author_sort Morris, Laurel S
collection PubMed
description We focus on exploratory decisions across disorders of compulsivity, a potential dimensional construct for the classification of mental disorders. Behaviors associated with the pathological use of alcohol or food, in alcohol use disorders (AUD) or binge-eating disorder (BED), suggest a disturbance in explore–exploit decision-making, whereby strategic exploratory decisions in an attempt to improve long-term outcomes may diminish in favor of more repetitive or exploitatory choices. We compare exploration vs exploitation across disorders of natural (obesity with and without BED) and drug rewards (AUD). We separately acquired resting state functional MRI data using a novel multi-echo planar imaging sequence and independent components analysis from healthy individuals to assess the neural correlates underlying exploration. Participants with AUD showed reduced exploratory behavior across gain and loss environments, leading to lower-yielding exploitatory choices. Obese subjects with and without BED did not differ from healthy volunteers but when compared with each other or to AUD subjects, BED had enhanced exploratory behaviors particularly in the loss domain. All subject groups had decreased exploration or greater uncertainty avoidance to losses compared with rewards. More exploratory decisions in the context of reward were associated with frontal polar and ventral striatal connectivity. For losses, exploration was associated with frontal polar and precuneus connectivity. We further implicate the relevance and dimensionality of constructs of compulsivity across disorders of both natural and drug rewards.
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spelling pubmed-46502532016-03-01 Biases in the Explore–Exploit Tradeoff in Addictions: The Role of Avoidance of Uncertainty Morris, Laurel S Baek, Kwangyeol Kundu, Prantik Harrison, Neil A Frank, Michael J Voon, Valerie Neuropsychopharmacology Original Article We focus on exploratory decisions across disorders of compulsivity, a potential dimensional construct for the classification of mental disorders. Behaviors associated with the pathological use of alcohol or food, in alcohol use disorders (AUD) or binge-eating disorder (BED), suggest a disturbance in explore–exploit decision-making, whereby strategic exploratory decisions in an attempt to improve long-term outcomes may diminish in favor of more repetitive or exploitatory choices. We compare exploration vs exploitation across disorders of natural (obesity with and without BED) and drug rewards (AUD). We separately acquired resting state functional MRI data using a novel multi-echo planar imaging sequence and independent components analysis from healthy individuals to assess the neural correlates underlying exploration. Participants with AUD showed reduced exploratory behavior across gain and loss environments, leading to lower-yielding exploitatory choices. Obese subjects with and without BED did not differ from healthy volunteers but when compared with each other or to AUD subjects, BED had enhanced exploratory behaviors particularly in the loss domain. All subject groups had decreased exploration or greater uncertainty avoidance to losses compared with rewards. More exploratory decisions in the context of reward were associated with frontal polar and ventral striatal connectivity. For losses, exploration was associated with frontal polar and precuneus connectivity. We further implicate the relevance and dimensionality of constructs of compulsivity across disorders of both natural and drug rewards. Nature Publishing Group 2016-03 2015-12-02 /pmc/articles/PMC4650253/ /pubmed/26174598 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npp.2015.208 Text en Copyright © 2016 American College of Neuropsychopharmacology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
spellingShingle Original Article
Morris, Laurel S
Baek, Kwangyeol
Kundu, Prantik
Harrison, Neil A
Frank, Michael J
Voon, Valerie
Biases in the Explore–Exploit Tradeoff in Addictions: The Role of Avoidance of Uncertainty
title Biases in the Explore–Exploit Tradeoff in Addictions: The Role of Avoidance of Uncertainty
title_full Biases in the Explore–Exploit Tradeoff in Addictions: The Role of Avoidance of Uncertainty
title_fullStr Biases in the Explore–Exploit Tradeoff in Addictions: The Role of Avoidance of Uncertainty
title_full_unstemmed Biases in the Explore–Exploit Tradeoff in Addictions: The Role of Avoidance of Uncertainty
title_short Biases in the Explore–Exploit Tradeoff in Addictions: The Role of Avoidance of Uncertainty
title_sort biases in the explore–exploit tradeoff in addictions: the role of avoidance of uncertainty
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4650253/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26174598
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npp.2015.208
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