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Malaria surveillance in low-transmission areas of Zambia using reactive case detection

BACKGROUND: Repeat national household surveys suggest highly variable malaria transmission and increasing coverage of high-impact malaria interventions throughout Zambia. Many areas of very low malaria transmission, especially across southern and central regions, are driving efforts towards sub-nati...

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Autores principales: Larsen, David A., Chisha, Zunda, Winters, Benjamin, Mwanza, Mercie, Kamuliwo, Mulakwa, Mbwili, Clara, Hawela, Moonga, Hamainza, Busiku, Chirwa, Jacob, Craig, Allen S., Rutagwera, Marie-Reine, Lungu, Chris, Ngwenya-Kangombe, Tokozile, Cheelo, Sanford, Miller, John M., Bridges, Daniel J., Winters, Anna M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4653936/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26586264
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-015-0895-9
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author Larsen, David A.
Chisha, Zunda
Winters, Benjamin
Mwanza, Mercie
Kamuliwo, Mulakwa
Mbwili, Clara
Hawela, Moonga
Hamainza, Busiku
Chirwa, Jacob
Craig, Allen S.
Rutagwera, Marie-Reine
Lungu, Chris
Ngwenya-Kangombe, Tokozile
Cheelo, Sanford
Miller, John M.
Bridges, Daniel J.
Winters, Anna M.
author_facet Larsen, David A.
Chisha, Zunda
Winters, Benjamin
Mwanza, Mercie
Kamuliwo, Mulakwa
Mbwili, Clara
Hawela, Moonga
Hamainza, Busiku
Chirwa, Jacob
Craig, Allen S.
Rutagwera, Marie-Reine
Lungu, Chris
Ngwenya-Kangombe, Tokozile
Cheelo, Sanford
Miller, John M.
Bridges, Daniel J.
Winters, Anna M.
author_sort Larsen, David A.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Repeat national household surveys suggest highly variable malaria transmission and increasing coverage of high-impact malaria interventions throughout Zambia. Many areas of very low malaria transmission, especially across southern and central regions, are driving efforts towards sub-national elimination. CASE DESCRIPTION: Reactive case detection (RCD) is conducted in Southern Province and urban areas of Lusaka in connection with confirmed incident malaria cases presenting to a community health worker (CHW) or clinic and suspected of being the result of local transmission. CHWs travel to the household of the incident malaria case and screen individuals living in adjacent houses in urban Lusaka and within 140 m in Southern Province for malaria infection using a rapid diagnostic test, treating those testing positive with artemether–lumefantrine. DISCUSSION: Reactive case detection improves access to health care and increases the capacity for the health system to identify malaria infections. The system is useful for targeting malaria interventions, and was instrumental for guiding focal indoor residual spraying in Lusaka during the 2014/2015 spray season. Variations to maximize impact of the current RCD protocol are being considered, including the use of anti-malarials with a longer lasting, post-treatment prophylaxis. CONCLUSION: The RCD system in Zambia is one example of a malaria elimination surveillance system which has increased access to health care within rural communities while leveraging community members to build malaria surveillance capacity.
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spelling pubmed-46539362015-11-21 Malaria surveillance in low-transmission areas of Zambia using reactive case detection Larsen, David A. Chisha, Zunda Winters, Benjamin Mwanza, Mercie Kamuliwo, Mulakwa Mbwili, Clara Hawela, Moonga Hamainza, Busiku Chirwa, Jacob Craig, Allen S. Rutagwera, Marie-Reine Lungu, Chris Ngwenya-Kangombe, Tokozile Cheelo, Sanford Miller, John M. Bridges, Daniel J. Winters, Anna M. Malar J Case Study BACKGROUND: Repeat national household surveys suggest highly variable malaria transmission and increasing coverage of high-impact malaria interventions throughout Zambia. Many areas of very low malaria transmission, especially across southern and central regions, are driving efforts towards sub-national elimination. CASE DESCRIPTION: Reactive case detection (RCD) is conducted in Southern Province and urban areas of Lusaka in connection with confirmed incident malaria cases presenting to a community health worker (CHW) or clinic and suspected of being the result of local transmission. CHWs travel to the household of the incident malaria case and screen individuals living in adjacent houses in urban Lusaka and within 140 m in Southern Province for malaria infection using a rapid diagnostic test, treating those testing positive with artemether–lumefantrine. DISCUSSION: Reactive case detection improves access to health care and increases the capacity for the health system to identify malaria infections. The system is useful for targeting malaria interventions, and was instrumental for guiding focal indoor residual spraying in Lusaka during the 2014/2015 spray season. Variations to maximize impact of the current RCD protocol are being considered, including the use of anti-malarials with a longer lasting, post-treatment prophylaxis. CONCLUSION: The RCD system in Zambia is one example of a malaria elimination surveillance system which has increased access to health care within rural communities while leveraging community members to build malaria surveillance capacity. BioMed Central 2015-11-19 /pmc/articles/PMC4653936/ /pubmed/26586264 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-015-0895-9 Text en © Larsen et al. 2015 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Case Study
Larsen, David A.
Chisha, Zunda
Winters, Benjamin
Mwanza, Mercie
Kamuliwo, Mulakwa
Mbwili, Clara
Hawela, Moonga
Hamainza, Busiku
Chirwa, Jacob
Craig, Allen S.
Rutagwera, Marie-Reine
Lungu, Chris
Ngwenya-Kangombe, Tokozile
Cheelo, Sanford
Miller, John M.
Bridges, Daniel J.
Winters, Anna M.
Malaria surveillance in low-transmission areas of Zambia using reactive case detection
title Malaria surveillance in low-transmission areas of Zambia using reactive case detection
title_full Malaria surveillance in low-transmission areas of Zambia using reactive case detection
title_fullStr Malaria surveillance in low-transmission areas of Zambia using reactive case detection
title_full_unstemmed Malaria surveillance in low-transmission areas of Zambia using reactive case detection
title_short Malaria surveillance in low-transmission areas of Zambia using reactive case detection
title_sort malaria surveillance in low-transmission areas of zambia using reactive case detection
topic Case Study
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4653936/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26586264
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-015-0895-9
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