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Transcriptomic profiling of host-parasite interactions in the microsporidian Trachipleistophora hominis

BACKGROUND: Trachipleistophora hominis was isolated from an HIV/AIDS patient and is a member of a highly successful group of obligate intracellular parasites. METHODS: Here we have investigated the evolution of the parasite and the interplay between host and parasite gene expression using transcript...

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Autores principales: Watson, Andrew K., Williams, Tom A., Williams, Bryony A. P., Moore, Karen A., Hirt, Robert P., Embley, T. Martin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4654818/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26589282
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-015-1989-z
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author Watson, Andrew K.
Williams, Tom A.
Williams, Bryony A. P.
Moore, Karen A.
Hirt, Robert P.
Embley, T. Martin
author_facet Watson, Andrew K.
Williams, Tom A.
Williams, Bryony A. P.
Moore, Karen A.
Hirt, Robert P.
Embley, T. Martin
author_sort Watson, Andrew K.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Trachipleistophora hominis was isolated from an HIV/AIDS patient and is a member of a highly successful group of obligate intracellular parasites. METHODS: Here we have investigated the evolution of the parasite and the interplay between host and parasite gene expression using transcriptomics of T. hominis-infected rabbit kidney cells. RESULTS: T. hominis has about 30 % more genes than small-genome microsporidians. Highly expressed genes include those involved in growth, replication, defence against oxidative stress, and a large fraction of uncharacterised genes. Chaperones are also highly expressed and may buffer the deleterious effects of the large number of non-synonymous mutations observed in essential T. hominis genes. Host expression suggests a general cellular shutdown upon infection, but ATP, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar production appear enhanced, potentially providing the parasite with substrates it cannot make itself. Expression divergence of duplicated genes, including transporters used to acquire host metabolites, demonstrates ongoing functional diversification during microsporidian evolution. We identified overlapping transcription at more than 100 loci in the sparse T. hominis genome, demonstrating that this feature is not caused by genome compaction. The detection of additional transposons of insect origin strongly suggests that the natural host for T. hominis is an insect. CONCLUSIONS: Our results reveal that the evolution of contemporary microsporidian genomes is highly dynamic and innovative. Moreover, highly expressed T. hominis genes of unknown function include a cohort that are shared among all microsporidians, indicating that some strongly conserved features of the biology of these enormously successful parasites remain uncharacterised. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1989-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-46548182015-11-22 Transcriptomic profiling of host-parasite interactions in the microsporidian Trachipleistophora hominis Watson, Andrew K. Williams, Tom A. Williams, Bryony A. P. Moore, Karen A. Hirt, Robert P. Embley, T. Martin BMC Genomics Research Article BACKGROUND: Trachipleistophora hominis was isolated from an HIV/AIDS patient and is a member of a highly successful group of obligate intracellular parasites. METHODS: Here we have investigated the evolution of the parasite and the interplay between host and parasite gene expression using transcriptomics of T. hominis-infected rabbit kidney cells. RESULTS: T. hominis has about 30 % more genes than small-genome microsporidians. Highly expressed genes include those involved in growth, replication, defence against oxidative stress, and a large fraction of uncharacterised genes. Chaperones are also highly expressed and may buffer the deleterious effects of the large number of non-synonymous mutations observed in essential T. hominis genes. Host expression suggests a general cellular shutdown upon infection, but ATP, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar production appear enhanced, potentially providing the parasite with substrates it cannot make itself. Expression divergence of duplicated genes, including transporters used to acquire host metabolites, demonstrates ongoing functional diversification during microsporidian evolution. We identified overlapping transcription at more than 100 loci in the sparse T. hominis genome, demonstrating that this feature is not caused by genome compaction. The detection of additional transposons of insect origin strongly suggests that the natural host for T. hominis is an insect. CONCLUSIONS: Our results reveal that the evolution of contemporary microsporidian genomes is highly dynamic and innovative. Moreover, highly expressed T. hominis genes of unknown function include a cohort that are shared among all microsporidians, indicating that some strongly conserved features of the biology of these enormously successful parasites remain uncharacterised. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1989-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2015-11-21 /pmc/articles/PMC4654818/ /pubmed/26589282 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-015-1989-z Text en © Watson et al. 2015 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Watson, Andrew K.
Williams, Tom A.
Williams, Bryony A. P.
Moore, Karen A.
Hirt, Robert P.
Embley, T. Martin
Transcriptomic profiling of host-parasite interactions in the microsporidian Trachipleistophora hominis
title Transcriptomic profiling of host-parasite interactions in the microsporidian Trachipleistophora hominis
title_full Transcriptomic profiling of host-parasite interactions in the microsporidian Trachipleistophora hominis
title_fullStr Transcriptomic profiling of host-parasite interactions in the microsporidian Trachipleistophora hominis
title_full_unstemmed Transcriptomic profiling of host-parasite interactions in the microsporidian Trachipleistophora hominis
title_short Transcriptomic profiling of host-parasite interactions in the microsporidian Trachipleistophora hominis
title_sort transcriptomic profiling of host-parasite interactions in the microsporidian trachipleistophora hominis
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4654818/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26589282
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-015-1989-z
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