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NF-KappaB in Long-Term Memory and Structural Plasticity in the Adult Mammalian Brain

The transcription factor nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) is a well-known regulator of inflammation, stress, and immune responses as well as cell survival. In the nervous system, NF-κB is one of the crucial components in the molecular switch that converts short- to long-term memory—a process that requi...

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Autores principales: Kaltschmidt, Barbara, Kaltschmidt, Christian
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4656838/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26635522
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2015.00069
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author Kaltschmidt, Barbara
Kaltschmidt, Christian
author_facet Kaltschmidt, Barbara
Kaltschmidt, Christian
author_sort Kaltschmidt, Barbara
collection PubMed
description The transcription factor nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) is a well-known regulator of inflammation, stress, and immune responses as well as cell survival. In the nervous system, NF-κB is one of the crucial components in the molecular switch that converts short- to long-term memory—a process that requires de novo gene expression. Here, the researches published on NF-κB and downstream target genes in mammals will be reviewed, which are necessary for structural plasticity and long-term memory, both under normal and pathological conditions in the brain. Genetic evidence has revealed that NF-κB regulates neuroprotection, neuronal transmission, and long-term memory. In addition, after genetic ablation of all NF-κB subunits, a severe defect in hippocampal adult neurogenesis was observed during aging. Proliferation of neural precursors is increased; however, axon outgrowth, synaptogenesis, and tissue homeostasis of the dentate gyrus are hampered. In this process, the NF-κB target gene PKAcat and other downstream target genes such as Igf2 are critically involved. Therefore, NF-κB activity seems to be crucial in regulating structural plasticity and replenishment of granule cells within the hippocampus throughout the life. In addition to the function of NF-κB in neurons, we will discuss on a neuroinflammatory role of the transcription factor in glia. Finally, a model for NF-κB homeostasis on the molecular level is presented, in order to explain seemingly the contradictory, the friend or foe, role of NF-κB in the nervous system.
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spelling pubmed-46568382015-12-03 NF-KappaB in Long-Term Memory and Structural Plasticity in the Adult Mammalian Brain Kaltschmidt, Barbara Kaltschmidt, Christian Front Mol Neurosci Neuroscience The transcription factor nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) is a well-known regulator of inflammation, stress, and immune responses as well as cell survival. In the nervous system, NF-κB is one of the crucial components in the molecular switch that converts short- to long-term memory—a process that requires de novo gene expression. Here, the researches published on NF-κB and downstream target genes in mammals will be reviewed, which are necessary for structural plasticity and long-term memory, both under normal and pathological conditions in the brain. Genetic evidence has revealed that NF-κB regulates neuroprotection, neuronal transmission, and long-term memory. In addition, after genetic ablation of all NF-κB subunits, a severe defect in hippocampal adult neurogenesis was observed during aging. Proliferation of neural precursors is increased; however, axon outgrowth, synaptogenesis, and tissue homeostasis of the dentate gyrus are hampered. In this process, the NF-κB target gene PKAcat and other downstream target genes such as Igf2 are critically involved. Therefore, NF-κB activity seems to be crucial in regulating structural plasticity and replenishment of granule cells within the hippocampus throughout the life. In addition to the function of NF-κB in neurons, we will discuss on a neuroinflammatory role of the transcription factor in glia. Finally, a model for NF-κB homeostasis on the molecular level is presented, in order to explain seemingly the contradictory, the friend or foe, role of NF-κB in the nervous system. Frontiers Media S.A. 2015-11-24 /pmc/articles/PMC4656838/ /pubmed/26635522 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2015.00069 Text en Copyright © 2015 Kaltschmidt and Kaltschmidt. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Kaltschmidt, Barbara
Kaltschmidt, Christian
NF-KappaB in Long-Term Memory and Structural Plasticity in the Adult Mammalian Brain
title NF-KappaB in Long-Term Memory and Structural Plasticity in the Adult Mammalian Brain
title_full NF-KappaB in Long-Term Memory and Structural Plasticity in the Adult Mammalian Brain
title_fullStr NF-KappaB in Long-Term Memory and Structural Plasticity in the Adult Mammalian Brain
title_full_unstemmed NF-KappaB in Long-Term Memory and Structural Plasticity in the Adult Mammalian Brain
title_short NF-KappaB in Long-Term Memory and Structural Plasticity in the Adult Mammalian Brain
title_sort nf-kappab in long-term memory and structural plasticity in the adult mammalian brain
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4656838/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26635522
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2015.00069
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