Measurements of Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenolysis: A Methodological Review
Gluconeogenesis is a complex metabolic process that involves multiple enzymatic steps regulated by myriad factors, including substrate concentrations, the redox state, activation and inhibition of specific enzyme steps, and hormonal modulation. At present, the most widely accepted technique to deter...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Diabetes Association
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4657587/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26604176 http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db15-0640 |
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author | Chung, Stephanie T. Chacko, Shaji K. Sunehag, Agneta L. Haymond, Morey W. |
author_facet | Chung, Stephanie T. Chacko, Shaji K. Sunehag, Agneta L. Haymond, Morey W. |
author_sort | Chung, Stephanie T. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Gluconeogenesis is a complex metabolic process that involves multiple enzymatic steps regulated by myriad factors, including substrate concentrations, the redox state, activation and inhibition of specific enzyme steps, and hormonal modulation. At present, the most widely accepted technique to determine gluconeogenesis is by measuring the incorporation of deuterium from the body water pool into newly formed glucose. However, several techniques using radioactive and stable-labeled isotopes have been used to quantitate the contribution and regulation of gluconeogenesis in humans. Each method has its advantages, methodological assumptions, and set of propagated errors. In this review, we examine the strengths and weaknesses of the most commonly used stable isotopes methods to measure gluconeogenesis in vivo. We discuss the advantages and limitations of each method and summarize the applicability of these measurements in understanding normal and pathophysiological conditions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4657587 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | American Diabetes Association |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-46575872016-12-01 Measurements of Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenolysis: A Methodological Review Chung, Stephanie T. Chacko, Shaji K. Sunehag, Agneta L. Haymond, Morey W. Diabetes Methodology Review Gluconeogenesis is a complex metabolic process that involves multiple enzymatic steps regulated by myriad factors, including substrate concentrations, the redox state, activation and inhibition of specific enzyme steps, and hormonal modulation. At present, the most widely accepted technique to determine gluconeogenesis is by measuring the incorporation of deuterium from the body water pool into newly formed glucose. However, several techniques using radioactive and stable-labeled isotopes have been used to quantitate the contribution and regulation of gluconeogenesis in humans. Each method has its advantages, methodological assumptions, and set of propagated errors. In this review, we examine the strengths and weaknesses of the most commonly used stable isotopes methods to measure gluconeogenesis in vivo. We discuss the advantages and limitations of each method and summarize the applicability of these measurements in understanding normal and pathophysiological conditions. American Diabetes Association 2015-12 2015-11-18 /pmc/articles/PMC4657587/ /pubmed/26604176 http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db15-0640 Text en © 2015 by the American Diabetes Association. Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered. |
spellingShingle | Methodology Review Chung, Stephanie T. Chacko, Shaji K. Sunehag, Agneta L. Haymond, Morey W. Measurements of Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenolysis: A Methodological Review |
title | Measurements of Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenolysis: A Methodological Review |
title_full | Measurements of Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenolysis: A Methodological Review |
title_fullStr | Measurements of Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenolysis: A Methodological Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Measurements of Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenolysis: A Methodological Review |
title_short | Measurements of Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenolysis: A Methodological Review |
title_sort | measurements of gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis: a methodological review |
topic | Methodology Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4657587/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26604176 http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db15-0640 |
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