Measurements of Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenolysis: A Methodological Review

Gluconeogenesis is a complex metabolic process that involves multiple enzymatic steps regulated by myriad factors, including substrate concentrations, the redox state, activation and inhibition of specific enzyme steps, and hormonal modulation. At present, the most widely accepted technique to deter...

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Autores principales: Chung, Stephanie T., Chacko, Shaji K., Sunehag, Agneta L., Haymond, Morey W.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Diabetes Association 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4657587/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26604176
http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db15-0640
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author Chung, Stephanie T.
Chacko, Shaji K.
Sunehag, Agneta L.
Haymond, Morey W.
author_facet Chung, Stephanie T.
Chacko, Shaji K.
Sunehag, Agneta L.
Haymond, Morey W.
author_sort Chung, Stephanie T.
collection PubMed
description Gluconeogenesis is a complex metabolic process that involves multiple enzymatic steps regulated by myriad factors, including substrate concentrations, the redox state, activation and inhibition of specific enzyme steps, and hormonal modulation. At present, the most widely accepted technique to determine gluconeogenesis is by measuring the incorporation of deuterium from the body water pool into newly formed glucose. However, several techniques using radioactive and stable-labeled isotopes have been used to quantitate the contribution and regulation of gluconeogenesis in humans. Each method has its advantages, methodological assumptions, and set of propagated errors. In this review, we examine the strengths and weaknesses of the most commonly used stable isotopes methods to measure gluconeogenesis in vivo. We discuss the advantages and limitations of each method and summarize the applicability of these measurements in understanding normal and pathophysiological conditions.
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spelling pubmed-46575872016-12-01 Measurements of Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenolysis: A Methodological Review Chung, Stephanie T. Chacko, Shaji K. Sunehag, Agneta L. Haymond, Morey W. Diabetes Methodology Review Gluconeogenesis is a complex metabolic process that involves multiple enzymatic steps regulated by myriad factors, including substrate concentrations, the redox state, activation and inhibition of specific enzyme steps, and hormonal modulation. At present, the most widely accepted technique to determine gluconeogenesis is by measuring the incorporation of deuterium from the body water pool into newly formed glucose. However, several techniques using radioactive and stable-labeled isotopes have been used to quantitate the contribution and regulation of gluconeogenesis in humans. Each method has its advantages, methodological assumptions, and set of propagated errors. In this review, we examine the strengths and weaknesses of the most commonly used stable isotopes methods to measure gluconeogenesis in vivo. We discuss the advantages and limitations of each method and summarize the applicability of these measurements in understanding normal and pathophysiological conditions. American Diabetes Association 2015-12 2015-11-18 /pmc/articles/PMC4657587/ /pubmed/26604176 http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db15-0640 Text en © 2015 by the American Diabetes Association. Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered.
spellingShingle Methodology Review
Chung, Stephanie T.
Chacko, Shaji K.
Sunehag, Agneta L.
Haymond, Morey W.
Measurements of Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenolysis: A Methodological Review
title Measurements of Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenolysis: A Methodological Review
title_full Measurements of Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenolysis: A Methodological Review
title_fullStr Measurements of Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenolysis: A Methodological Review
title_full_unstemmed Measurements of Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenolysis: A Methodological Review
title_short Measurements of Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenolysis: A Methodological Review
title_sort measurements of gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis: a methodological review
topic Methodology Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4657587/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26604176
http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db15-0640
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