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Using Geographic Information Systems and Spatial Analysis Methods to Assess Household Water Access and Sanitation Coverage in the SHINE Trial

Access to water and sanitation are important determinants of behavioral responses to hygiene and sanitation interventions. We estimated cluster-specific water access and sanitation coverage to inform a constrained randomization technique in the SHINE trial. Technicians and engineers inspected all pu...

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Autores principales: Ntozini, Robert, Marks, Sara J., Mangwadu, Goldberg, Mbuya, Mduduzi N. N., Gerema, Grace, Mutasa, Batsirai, Julian, Timothy R., Schwab, Kellogg J., Humphrey, Jean H., Zungu, Lindiwe I.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4657592/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26602299
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/civ847
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author Ntozini, Robert
Marks, Sara J.
Mangwadu, Goldberg
Mbuya, Mduduzi N. N.
Gerema, Grace
Mutasa, Batsirai
Julian, Timothy R.
Schwab, Kellogg J.
Humphrey, Jean H.
Zungu, Lindiwe I.
author_facet Ntozini, Robert
Marks, Sara J.
Mangwadu, Goldberg
Mbuya, Mduduzi N. N.
Gerema, Grace
Mutasa, Batsirai
Julian, Timothy R.
Schwab, Kellogg J.
Humphrey, Jean H.
Zungu, Lindiwe I.
author_sort Ntozini, Robert
collection PubMed
description Access to water and sanitation are important determinants of behavioral responses to hygiene and sanitation interventions. We estimated cluster-specific water access and sanitation coverage to inform a constrained randomization technique in the SHINE trial. Technicians and engineers inspected all public access water sources to ascertain seasonality, function, and geospatial coordinates. Households and water sources were mapped using open-source geospatial software. The distance from each household to the nearest perennial, functional, protected water source was calculated, and for each cluster, the median distance and the proportion of households within <500 m and >1500 m of such a water source. Cluster-specific sanitation coverage was ascertained using a random sample of 13 households per cluster. These parameters were included as covariates in randomization to optimize balance in water and sanitation access across treatment arms at the start of the trial. The observed high variability between clusters in both parameters suggests that constraining on these factors was needed to reduce risk of bias.
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spelling pubmed-46575922015-11-27 Using Geographic Information Systems and Spatial Analysis Methods to Assess Household Water Access and Sanitation Coverage in the SHINE Trial Ntozini, Robert Marks, Sara J. Mangwadu, Goldberg Mbuya, Mduduzi N. N. Gerema, Grace Mutasa, Batsirai Julian, Timothy R. Schwab, Kellogg J. Humphrey, Jean H. Zungu, Lindiwe I. Clin Infect Dis The Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (Shine) Trial Access to water and sanitation are important determinants of behavioral responses to hygiene and sanitation interventions. We estimated cluster-specific water access and sanitation coverage to inform a constrained randomization technique in the SHINE trial. Technicians and engineers inspected all public access water sources to ascertain seasonality, function, and geospatial coordinates. Households and water sources were mapped using open-source geospatial software. The distance from each household to the nearest perennial, functional, protected water source was calculated, and for each cluster, the median distance and the proportion of households within <500 m and >1500 m of such a water source. Cluster-specific sanitation coverage was ascertained using a random sample of 13 households per cluster. These parameters were included as covariates in randomization to optimize balance in water and sanitation access across treatment arms at the start of the trial. The observed high variability between clusters in both parameters suggests that constraining on these factors was needed to reduce risk of bias. Oxford University Press 2015-12-15 2015-11-11 /pmc/articles/PMC4657592/ /pubmed/26602299 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/civ847 Text en © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle The Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (Shine) Trial
Ntozini, Robert
Marks, Sara J.
Mangwadu, Goldberg
Mbuya, Mduduzi N. N.
Gerema, Grace
Mutasa, Batsirai
Julian, Timothy R.
Schwab, Kellogg J.
Humphrey, Jean H.
Zungu, Lindiwe I.
Using Geographic Information Systems and Spatial Analysis Methods to Assess Household Water Access and Sanitation Coverage in the SHINE Trial
title Using Geographic Information Systems and Spatial Analysis Methods to Assess Household Water Access and Sanitation Coverage in the SHINE Trial
title_full Using Geographic Information Systems and Spatial Analysis Methods to Assess Household Water Access and Sanitation Coverage in the SHINE Trial
title_fullStr Using Geographic Information Systems and Spatial Analysis Methods to Assess Household Water Access and Sanitation Coverage in the SHINE Trial
title_full_unstemmed Using Geographic Information Systems and Spatial Analysis Methods to Assess Household Water Access and Sanitation Coverage in the SHINE Trial
title_short Using Geographic Information Systems and Spatial Analysis Methods to Assess Household Water Access and Sanitation Coverage in the SHINE Trial
title_sort using geographic information systems and spatial analysis methods to assess household water access and sanitation coverage in the shine trial
topic The Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (Shine) Trial
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4657592/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26602299
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/civ847
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