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Widespread Natural Occurrence of Hydroxyurea in Animals
Here we report the widespread natural occurrence of a known antibiotic and antineoplastic compound, hydroxyurea in animals from many taxonomic groups. Hydroxyurea occurs in all the organisms we have examined including invertebrates (molluscs and crustaceans), fishes from several major groups, amphib...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4658187/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26600157 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142890 |
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author | Fraser, David I. Liu, Kyle T. Reid, Bryan J. Hawkins, Emily Sevier, Andrew Pyle, Michelle Robinson, Jacob W. Ouellette, Pierre H. R. Ballantyne, James S. |
author_facet | Fraser, David I. Liu, Kyle T. Reid, Bryan J. Hawkins, Emily Sevier, Andrew Pyle, Michelle Robinson, Jacob W. Ouellette, Pierre H. R. Ballantyne, James S. |
author_sort | Fraser, David I. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Here we report the widespread natural occurrence of a known antibiotic and antineoplastic compound, hydroxyurea in animals from many taxonomic groups. Hydroxyurea occurs in all the organisms we have examined including invertebrates (molluscs and crustaceans), fishes from several major groups, amphibians and mammals. The species with highest concentrations was an elasmobranch (sharks, skates and rays), the little skate Leucoraja erinacea with levels up to 250 μM, high enough to have antiviral, antimicrobial and antineoplastic effects based on in vitro studies. Embryos of L. erinacea showed increasing levels of hydroxyurea with development, indicating the capacity for hydroxyurea synthesis. Certain tissues of other organisms (e.g. skin of the frog (64 μM), intestine of lobster (138 μM) gills of the surf clam (100 μM)) had levels high enough to have antiviral effects based on in vitro studies. Hydroxyurea is widely used clinically in the treatment of certain human cancers, sickle cell anemia, psoriasis, myeloproliferative diseases, and has been investigated as a potential treatment of HIV infection and its presence at high levels in tissues of elasmobranchs and other organisms suggests a novel mechanism for fighting disease that may explain the disease resistance of some groups. In light of the known production of nitric oxide from exogenously applied hydroxyurea, endogenous hydoxyurea may play a hitherto unknown role in nitric oxide dynamics. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4658187 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-46581872015-12-02 Widespread Natural Occurrence of Hydroxyurea in Animals Fraser, David I. Liu, Kyle T. Reid, Bryan J. Hawkins, Emily Sevier, Andrew Pyle, Michelle Robinson, Jacob W. Ouellette, Pierre H. R. Ballantyne, James S. PLoS One Research Article Here we report the widespread natural occurrence of a known antibiotic and antineoplastic compound, hydroxyurea in animals from many taxonomic groups. Hydroxyurea occurs in all the organisms we have examined including invertebrates (molluscs and crustaceans), fishes from several major groups, amphibians and mammals. The species with highest concentrations was an elasmobranch (sharks, skates and rays), the little skate Leucoraja erinacea with levels up to 250 μM, high enough to have antiviral, antimicrobial and antineoplastic effects based on in vitro studies. Embryos of L. erinacea showed increasing levels of hydroxyurea with development, indicating the capacity for hydroxyurea synthesis. Certain tissues of other organisms (e.g. skin of the frog (64 μM), intestine of lobster (138 μM) gills of the surf clam (100 μM)) had levels high enough to have antiviral effects based on in vitro studies. Hydroxyurea is widely used clinically in the treatment of certain human cancers, sickle cell anemia, psoriasis, myeloproliferative diseases, and has been investigated as a potential treatment of HIV infection and its presence at high levels in tissues of elasmobranchs and other organisms suggests a novel mechanism for fighting disease that may explain the disease resistance of some groups. In light of the known production of nitric oxide from exogenously applied hydroxyurea, endogenous hydoxyurea may play a hitherto unknown role in nitric oxide dynamics. Public Library of Science 2015-11-24 /pmc/articles/PMC4658187/ /pubmed/26600157 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142890 Text en © 2015 Fraser et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Fraser, David I. Liu, Kyle T. Reid, Bryan J. Hawkins, Emily Sevier, Andrew Pyle, Michelle Robinson, Jacob W. Ouellette, Pierre H. R. Ballantyne, James S. Widespread Natural Occurrence of Hydroxyurea in Animals |
title | Widespread Natural Occurrence of Hydroxyurea in Animals |
title_full | Widespread Natural Occurrence of Hydroxyurea in Animals |
title_fullStr | Widespread Natural Occurrence of Hydroxyurea in Animals |
title_full_unstemmed | Widespread Natural Occurrence of Hydroxyurea in Animals |
title_short | Widespread Natural Occurrence of Hydroxyurea in Animals |
title_sort | widespread natural occurrence of hydroxyurea in animals |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4658187/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26600157 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142890 |
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