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Trans effects of chromosome aneuploidies on DNA methylation patterns in human Down syndrome and mouse models

BACKGROUND: Trisomy 21 causes Down syndrome (DS), but the mechanisms by which the extra chromosome leads to deficient intellectual and immune function are not well understood. RESULTS: Here, we profile CpG methylation in DS and control cerebral and cerebellar cortex of adults and cerebrum of fetuses...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Mendioroz, Maite, Do, Catherine, Jiang, Xiaoling, Liu, Chunhong, Darbary, Huferesh K., Lang, Charles F., Lin, John, Thomas, Anna, Abu-Amero, Sayeda, Stanier, Philip, Temkin, Alexis, Yale, Alexander, Liu, Meng-Min, Li, Yang, Salas, Martha, Kerkel, Kristi, Capone, George, Silverman, Wayne, Yu, Y. Eugene, Moore, Gudrun, Wegiel, Jerzy, Tycko, Benjamin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4659173/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26607552
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13059-015-0827-6
Descripción
Sumario:BACKGROUND: Trisomy 21 causes Down syndrome (DS), but the mechanisms by which the extra chromosome leads to deficient intellectual and immune function are not well understood. RESULTS: Here, we profile CpG methylation in DS and control cerebral and cerebellar cortex of adults and cerebrum of fetuses. We purify neuronal and non-neuronal nuclei and T lymphocytes and find biologically relevant genes with DS-specific methylation (DS-DM) in each of these cell types. Some genes show brain-specific DS-DM, while others show stronger DS-DM in T cells. Both 5-methyl-cytosine and 5-hydroxy-methyl-cytosine contribute to the DS-DM. Thirty percent of genes with DS-DM in adult brain cells also show DS-DM in fetal brains, indicating early onset of these epigenetic changes, and we find early maturation of methylation patterns in DS brain and lymphocytes. Some, but not all, of the DS-DM genes show differential expression. DS-DM preferentially affected CpGs in or near specific transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs), implicating a mechanism involving altered TFBS occupancy. Methyl-seq of brain DNA from mouse models with sub-chromosomal duplications mimicking DS reveals partial but significant overlaps with human DS-DM and shows that multiple chromosome 21 genes contribute to the downstream epigenetic effects. CONCLUSIONS: These data point to novel biological mechanisms in DS and have general implications for trans effects of chromosomal duplications and aneuploidies on epigenetic patterning. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-015-0827-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.