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Hyaluronate lyase activity of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 and modulatory effects of hyaluronic acid on the bacterium’s virulence properties
BACKGROUND: Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is a major swine pathogen and zoonotic agent worldwide causing mainly meningitis and septicemia. Hyaluronate lyases are enzymes that degrade hyaluronic acid, a major constituent of animal tissues, and have been reported as virulence factors in various bacter...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4662036/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26611338 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13104-015-1692-9 |
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author | Haas, Bruno Vaillancourt, Katy Bonifait, Laetitia Gottschalk, Marcelo Grenier, Daniel |
author_facet | Haas, Bruno Vaillancourt, Katy Bonifait, Laetitia Gottschalk, Marcelo Grenier, Daniel |
author_sort | Haas, Bruno |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is a major swine pathogen and zoonotic agent worldwide causing mainly meningitis and septicemia. Hyaluronate lyases are enzymes that degrade hyaluronic acid, a major constituent of animal tissues, and have been reported as virulence factors in various bacterial species. Since the hyaluronate lyase of S. suis has been considered ambiguously as a virulence factor, we screened 50 isolates from the three major clonal complexes found in North America (sequence type [ST] 1, ST25, and ST28) known to differ in their degree of virulence in order to link the presence or absence of this activity with the degree of virulence. Moreover, the effect of exogenous hyaluronic acid on S. suis virulence factor gene expression and the pro-inflammatory response of brain macrovascular endothelial cells (BMEC) was also investigated. RESULTS: We found that all but one ST1 isolates (high virulence) were devoid of hyaluronate lyase activity whereas all ST25 (intermediate virulence) and ST28 (low virulence) isolates possessed the activity. A 2 bp insertion was responsible for the lack of activity in ST1 strains. Since the most virulent isolates did not degrade hyaluronic acid, this tissue component may be found during the infectious process. Therefore, we investigated its effect on S. suis and host cells. Hyaluronic acid was found to modulate S. suis adhesion to BMEC, to increase S. suis virulence factor expression, and to enhance pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion by BMEC. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that S. suis hyaluronate lyase does not represent a critical virulence factor in its active form. However, exogenous hyaluronic acid that is likely to interact with S. suis and host cells during the course of infection appears to modulate several virulence determinants of the bacterium, in addition to promote inflammation. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-015-1692-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4662036 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-46620362015-11-28 Hyaluronate lyase activity of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 and modulatory effects of hyaluronic acid on the bacterium’s virulence properties Haas, Bruno Vaillancourt, Katy Bonifait, Laetitia Gottschalk, Marcelo Grenier, Daniel BMC Res Notes Research Article BACKGROUND: Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is a major swine pathogen and zoonotic agent worldwide causing mainly meningitis and septicemia. Hyaluronate lyases are enzymes that degrade hyaluronic acid, a major constituent of animal tissues, and have been reported as virulence factors in various bacterial species. Since the hyaluronate lyase of S. suis has been considered ambiguously as a virulence factor, we screened 50 isolates from the three major clonal complexes found in North America (sequence type [ST] 1, ST25, and ST28) known to differ in their degree of virulence in order to link the presence or absence of this activity with the degree of virulence. Moreover, the effect of exogenous hyaluronic acid on S. suis virulence factor gene expression and the pro-inflammatory response of brain macrovascular endothelial cells (BMEC) was also investigated. RESULTS: We found that all but one ST1 isolates (high virulence) were devoid of hyaluronate lyase activity whereas all ST25 (intermediate virulence) and ST28 (low virulence) isolates possessed the activity. A 2 bp insertion was responsible for the lack of activity in ST1 strains. Since the most virulent isolates did not degrade hyaluronic acid, this tissue component may be found during the infectious process. Therefore, we investigated its effect on S. suis and host cells. Hyaluronic acid was found to modulate S. suis adhesion to BMEC, to increase S. suis virulence factor expression, and to enhance pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion by BMEC. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that S. suis hyaluronate lyase does not represent a critical virulence factor in its active form. However, exogenous hyaluronic acid that is likely to interact with S. suis and host cells during the course of infection appears to modulate several virulence determinants of the bacterium, in addition to promote inflammation. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-015-1692-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2015-11-26 /pmc/articles/PMC4662036/ /pubmed/26611338 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13104-015-1692-9 Text en © Haas et al. 2015 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Haas, Bruno Vaillancourt, Katy Bonifait, Laetitia Gottschalk, Marcelo Grenier, Daniel Hyaluronate lyase activity of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 and modulatory effects of hyaluronic acid on the bacterium’s virulence properties |
title | Hyaluronate lyase activity of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 and modulatory effects of hyaluronic acid on the bacterium’s virulence properties |
title_full | Hyaluronate lyase activity of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 and modulatory effects of hyaluronic acid on the bacterium’s virulence properties |
title_fullStr | Hyaluronate lyase activity of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 and modulatory effects of hyaluronic acid on the bacterium’s virulence properties |
title_full_unstemmed | Hyaluronate lyase activity of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 and modulatory effects of hyaluronic acid on the bacterium’s virulence properties |
title_short | Hyaluronate lyase activity of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 and modulatory effects of hyaluronic acid on the bacterium’s virulence properties |
title_sort | hyaluronate lyase activity of streptococcus suis serotype 2 and modulatory effects of hyaluronic acid on the bacterium’s virulence properties |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4662036/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26611338 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13104-015-1692-9 |
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