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Acute and additive toxicity of ten photosystem-II herbicides to seagrass
Photosystem II herbicides are transported to inshore marine waters, including those of the Great Barrier Reef, and are usually detected in complex mixtures. These herbicides inhibit photosynthesis, which can deplete energy reserves and reduce growth in seagrass, but the toxicity of some of these her...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4663499/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26616444 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep17443 |
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author | Wilkinson, Adam D. Collier, Catherine J. Flores, Florita Negri, Andrew P. |
author_facet | Wilkinson, Adam D. Collier, Catherine J. Flores, Florita Negri, Andrew P. |
author_sort | Wilkinson, Adam D. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Photosystem II herbicides are transported to inshore marine waters, including those of the Great Barrier Reef, and are usually detected in complex mixtures. These herbicides inhibit photosynthesis, which can deplete energy reserves and reduce growth in seagrass, but the toxicity of some of these herbicides to seagrass is unknown and combined effects of multiple herbicides on seagrass has not been tested. Here we assessed the acute phytotoxicity of 10 PSII herbicides to the seagrass Halophila ovalis over 24 and/or 48 h. Individual herbicides exhibited a broad range of toxicities with inhibition of photosynthetic activity (∆F/F(m)′) by 50% at concentrations ranging from 3.5 μg l(−1) (ametryn) to 132 μg l(−1) (fluometuron). We assessed potential additivity using the Concentration Addition model of joint action for binary mixtures of diuron and atrazine as well as complex mixtures of all 10 herbicides. The effects of both mixture types were largely additive, validating the application of additive effects models for calculating the risk posed by multiple PSII herbicides to seagrasses. This study extends seagrass ecotoxicological data to ametryn, metribuzin, bromacil, prometryn and fluometuron and demonstrates that low concentrations of PSII herbicide mixtures have the potential to impact ecologically relevant endpoints in seagrass, including ∆F/F(m)′. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4663499 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-46634992015-12-03 Acute and additive toxicity of ten photosystem-II herbicides to seagrass Wilkinson, Adam D. Collier, Catherine J. Flores, Florita Negri, Andrew P. Sci Rep Article Photosystem II herbicides are transported to inshore marine waters, including those of the Great Barrier Reef, and are usually detected in complex mixtures. These herbicides inhibit photosynthesis, which can deplete energy reserves and reduce growth in seagrass, but the toxicity of some of these herbicides to seagrass is unknown and combined effects of multiple herbicides on seagrass has not been tested. Here we assessed the acute phytotoxicity of 10 PSII herbicides to the seagrass Halophila ovalis over 24 and/or 48 h. Individual herbicides exhibited a broad range of toxicities with inhibition of photosynthetic activity (∆F/F(m)′) by 50% at concentrations ranging from 3.5 μg l(−1) (ametryn) to 132 μg l(−1) (fluometuron). We assessed potential additivity using the Concentration Addition model of joint action for binary mixtures of diuron and atrazine as well as complex mixtures of all 10 herbicides. The effects of both mixture types were largely additive, validating the application of additive effects models for calculating the risk posed by multiple PSII herbicides to seagrasses. This study extends seagrass ecotoxicological data to ametryn, metribuzin, bromacil, prometryn and fluometuron and demonstrates that low concentrations of PSII herbicide mixtures have the potential to impact ecologically relevant endpoints in seagrass, including ∆F/F(m)′. Nature Publishing Group 2015-11-30 /pmc/articles/PMC4663499/ /pubmed/26616444 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep17443 Text en Copyright © 2015, Macmillan Publishers Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
spellingShingle | Article Wilkinson, Adam D. Collier, Catherine J. Flores, Florita Negri, Andrew P. Acute and additive toxicity of ten photosystem-II herbicides to seagrass |
title | Acute and additive toxicity of ten photosystem-II herbicides to seagrass |
title_full | Acute and additive toxicity of ten photosystem-II herbicides to seagrass |
title_fullStr | Acute and additive toxicity of ten photosystem-II herbicides to seagrass |
title_full_unstemmed | Acute and additive toxicity of ten photosystem-II herbicides to seagrass |
title_short | Acute and additive toxicity of ten photosystem-II herbicides to seagrass |
title_sort | acute and additive toxicity of ten photosystem-ii herbicides to seagrass |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4663499/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26616444 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep17443 |
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