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Particle-Associated Differ from Free-Living Bacteria in Surface Waters of the Baltic Sea

Many studies on bacterial community composition (BCC) do not distinguish between particle-associated (PA) and free-living (FL) bacteria or neglect the PA fraction by pre-filtration removing most particles. Although temporal and spatial gradients in environmental variables are known to shape BCC, it...

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Autores principales: Rieck, Angelika, Herlemann, Daniel P. R., Jürgens, Klaus, Grossart, Hans-Peter
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4664634/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26648911
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01297
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author Rieck, Angelika
Herlemann, Daniel P. R.
Jürgens, Klaus
Grossart, Hans-Peter
author_facet Rieck, Angelika
Herlemann, Daniel P. R.
Jürgens, Klaus
Grossart, Hans-Peter
author_sort Rieck, Angelika
collection PubMed
description Many studies on bacterial community composition (BCC) do not distinguish between particle-associated (PA) and free-living (FL) bacteria or neglect the PA fraction by pre-filtration removing most particles. Although temporal and spatial gradients in environmental variables are known to shape BCC, it remains unclear how and to what extent PA and FL bacterial diversity responds to such environmental changes. To elucidate the BCC of both bacterial fractions related to different environmental settings, we studied surface samples of three Baltic Sea stations (marine, mesohaline, and oligohaline) in two different seasons (summer and fall/winter). Amplicon sequencing of the 16 S rRNA gene revealed significant differences in BCC of both bacterial fractions among stations and seasons, with a particularly high number of PA operational taxonomic units (OTUs at genus-level) at the marine station in both seasons. “Shannon and Simpson indices” showed a higher diversity of PA than FL bacteria at the marine station in both seasons and at the oligohaline station in fall/winter. In general, a high fraction of bacterial OTUs was found exclusively in the PA fraction (52% of total OTUs). These findings indicate that PA bacteria significantly contribute to overall bacterial richness and that they differ from FL bacteria. Therefore, to gain a deeper understanding on diversity and dynamics of aquatic bacteria, PA and FL bacteria should be generally studied independently.
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spelling pubmed-46646342015-12-08 Particle-Associated Differ from Free-Living Bacteria in Surface Waters of the Baltic Sea Rieck, Angelika Herlemann, Daniel P. R. Jürgens, Klaus Grossart, Hans-Peter Front Microbiol Microbiology Many studies on bacterial community composition (BCC) do not distinguish between particle-associated (PA) and free-living (FL) bacteria or neglect the PA fraction by pre-filtration removing most particles. Although temporal and spatial gradients in environmental variables are known to shape BCC, it remains unclear how and to what extent PA and FL bacterial diversity responds to such environmental changes. To elucidate the BCC of both bacterial fractions related to different environmental settings, we studied surface samples of three Baltic Sea stations (marine, mesohaline, and oligohaline) in two different seasons (summer and fall/winter). Amplicon sequencing of the 16 S rRNA gene revealed significant differences in BCC of both bacterial fractions among stations and seasons, with a particularly high number of PA operational taxonomic units (OTUs at genus-level) at the marine station in both seasons. “Shannon and Simpson indices” showed a higher diversity of PA than FL bacteria at the marine station in both seasons and at the oligohaline station in fall/winter. In general, a high fraction of bacterial OTUs was found exclusively in the PA fraction (52% of total OTUs). These findings indicate that PA bacteria significantly contribute to overall bacterial richness and that they differ from FL bacteria. Therefore, to gain a deeper understanding on diversity and dynamics of aquatic bacteria, PA and FL bacteria should be generally studied independently. Frontiers Media S.A. 2015-12-01 /pmc/articles/PMC4664634/ /pubmed/26648911 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01297 Text en Copyright © 2015 Rieck, Herlemann, Jürgens and Grossart. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Rieck, Angelika
Herlemann, Daniel P. R.
Jürgens, Klaus
Grossart, Hans-Peter
Particle-Associated Differ from Free-Living Bacteria in Surface Waters of the Baltic Sea
title Particle-Associated Differ from Free-Living Bacteria in Surface Waters of the Baltic Sea
title_full Particle-Associated Differ from Free-Living Bacteria in Surface Waters of the Baltic Sea
title_fullStr Particle-Associated Differ from Free-Living Bacteria in Surface Waters of the Baltic Sea
title_full_unstemmed Particle-Associated Differ from Free-Living Bacteria in Surface Waters of the Baltic Sea
title_short Particle-Associated Differ from Free-Living Bacteria in Surface Waters of the Baltic Sea
title_sort particle-associated differ from free-living bacteria in surface waters of the baltic sea
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4664634/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26648911
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01297
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